Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted, on a clay saline soil, at El-Serw Agricultural Research Station, AgriculturalResearch Centre, at Damietta Governorate, Egypt, during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 winter seasons, to study the effect ofnitrogen and potassium fertilization and some weed control treatments on wheat growth, grain and straw yields,photosynthetic pigments, protein of grains and anatomical features of flag leaf of wheat plant (Triticum aestivum, L.),Sakha 93 cultivar and associated weeds. The experiments were carried out in a split-split plot design, with four replicates.Main plots were assigned to nitrogen applications (0, 45 and 90 N kg fed-1) (fed = 4200 m2). The sub-plots were allocatedto potassium treatments as follows: 0, 24 and 48 K kg fed-1. While, the sub-sub plots were allocated to weed controltreatments [Pallas (pyroxsulam) Atlantis (mesosulfuron), hand-weeding once, at 45 days after sowing and untreatedcheck].The results showed that increasing nitrogen fertilization rates up to 90 kg N fed-1 and potassium rate up to 48 kg Kfed-1 increased the total dry weight of broadleaved and grass weeds after 60 and 90 days of wheat sowing, wheat plantheight (cm), dry weight (g), photosynthetic pigments, grain and straw yields (t fed -1) and protein of grains while, usingPallas (pyroxsulam) and, Atlantis (mesosulfuron) herbicides and hand-weeding once, gave the highest results of previousparameters, respectively, except for the total dry weight of broadleaved and grass weeds, which occurred in a highdecrease after 60 and 90 days of wheat sowing. On the other hand, the interaction between nitrogen and potassium levels,with weed control treatments, was not significant in all characters of wheat plant and total dry weight of weeds, except forwheat grain and straw yields, which was significantly increased in both seasons, and protein yield of wheat grain in thefirst season. Also, the study showed that applying 90 kg N fed-1 + 48 kg K fed-1 + Pallas (Pyroxsulam) herbicide gave thehighest wheat grain and straw yields compared to (N0 + K0 + untreated check) being (329 and 316%) and (363 and 354%)and for (N90 + K48 + untreated check) to (86 and 87%) and (86 and 87%) in the first and the second seasons,respectively. Thus, it was preferred to use 90 kg N fed-1 + 48 kg K-1 + Pallas (Pyroxsulam) herbicide to get an economicwheat production with high quality, which was grown in saline soil in the northern Delta of Egypt.Anatomical study on the flag leaf of wheat plant, after ninety days subjected to high levels of nitrogen and potassiumfertilization with weed control treatments gave a big improvement, caused a positive impact on the growth of plants, andimprove all traits under study. These results suggest that elimination of weeds by Pallas (pyroxsulam) and, Atlantis(mesosulfuron) herbicides and hand-weeding once could minimize weed competition to wheat plant and consequentlyimproved photosynthetic fluid assimilates in the wheat phloem, on one side and in other side nutrient uptake from soil andconsequently promoted the growth of wheat plants.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen and potassium rates increased dry weight of broadleaved and grass weeds.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- nitrogen fertilization rates up to 90 kg N fed-1 and potassium rate up to 48 kg Kfed-1e0
- Interactor
- broadleaved and grass weedse0weed
- Outcome
- total dry weight of broadleaved and grass weedse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing nitrogen fertilization rates up to 90 kg N fed-1 and potassium rate up to 48 kg Kfed-1 increased the total dry weight of broadleaved and grass weeds after 60 and 90 days of wheat sowing”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen and potassium rates increased wheat height, dry weight and photosynthetic pigments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilization rates up to 90 kg N fed-1 and potassium rate up to 48 kg Kfed-1e0
- Outcome
- wheat plantheight (cm), dry weight (g), photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing nitrogen fertilization rates up to 90 kg N fed-1 and potassium rate up to 48 kg Kfed-1 increased the total dry weight of broadleaved and grass weeds after 60 and 90 days of wheat sowing, wheat plantheight (cm), dry weight (g), photosynthetic pigments, grain and straw yields (t fed -1) and protein of grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen and potassium rates increased wheat grain and straw yields.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilization rates up to 90 kg N fed-1 and potassium rate up to 48 kg Kfed-1e0
- Outcome
- grain and straw yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing nitrogen fertilization rates up to 90 kg N fed-1 and potassium rate up to 48 kg Kfed-1 increased the total dry weight of broadleaved and grass weeds after 60 and 90 days of wheat sowing, wheat plantheight (cm), dry weight (g), photosynthetic pigments, grain and straw yields (t fed -1) and protein of grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen and potassium rates increased wheat grain protein.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilization rates up to 90 kg N fed-1 and potassium rate up to 48 kg Kfed-1e0
- Outcome
- protein of grainse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing nitrogen fertilization rates up to 90 kg N fed-1 and potassium rate up to 48 kg Kfed-1 increased the total dry weight of broadleaved and grass weeds after 60 and 90 days of wheat sowing, wheat plantheight (cm), dry weight (g), photosynthetic pigments, grain and straw yields (t fed -1) and protein of grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Pallas, Atlantis and hand weeding reduced broadleaved and grass weed dry weight.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- usingPallas (pyroxsulam) and, Atlantis (mesosulfuron) herbicides and hand-weeding oncee0
- Interactor
- broadleaved and grass weedse0weed
- Outcome
- total dry weight of broadleaved and grass weedse0
- Direction
- highdecreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“usingPallas (pyroxsulam) and, Atlantis (mesosulfuron) herbicides and hand-weeding once, gave the highest results of previousparameters, respectively, except for the total dry weight of broadleaved and grass weeds, which occurred in a highdecrease after 60 and 90 days of wheat sowing.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control gave the highest values of wheat growth, pigment, yield and grain protein traits.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- usingPallas (pyroxsulam) and, Atlantis (mesosulfuron) herbicides and hand-weeding oncee0
- Outcome
- highest results of previousparameterse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“usingPallas (pyroxsulam) and, Atlantis (mesosulfuron) herbicides and hand-weeding once, gave the highest results of previousparameters, respectively, except for the total dry weight of broadleaved and grass weeds”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The nitrogen by potassium by weed-control interaction was not significant for most wheat and weed traits.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- interaction between nitrogen and potassium levels,with weed control treatmentse0
- Outcome
- all characters of wheat plant and total dry weight of weedse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the interaction between nitrogen and potassium levels,with weed control treatments, was not significant in all characters of wheat plant and total dry weight of weeds, except forwheat grain and straw yields”
Claim · model-written summary
The nitrogen by potassium by weed-control interaction significantly increased wheat grain and straw yields in both seasons.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization and Weed Control Treatmentst0
- Outcome
- wheat grain and straw yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- both seasonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat grain and straw yields, which was significantly increased in both seasons, and protein yield of wheat grain in thefirst season.”
t0“Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization and Weed Control Treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction significantly increased wheat grain protein yield in the first season.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization and Weed Control Treatmentst0
- Outcome
- protein yield of wheat graine0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Qualifier
- thefirst seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat grain and straw yields, which was significantly increased in both seasons, and protein yield of wheat grain in thefirst season.”
t0“Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization and Weed Control Treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined high nitrogen, high potassium and Pallas treatment produced the highest wheat grain yields.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 90 kg N fed-1 + 48 kg K fed-1 + Pallas (Pyroxsulam) herbicidee0
- Outcome
- wheat graine0
- Direction
- thehigheste0
- Value
- 329 and 316%e0
- Comparator
- N0 + K0 + untreated checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying 90 kg N fed-1 + 48 kg K fed-1 + Pallas (Pyroxsulam) herbicide gave thehighest wheat grain and straw yields compared to (N0 + K0 + untreated check) being (329 and 316%) and (363 and 354%)and for (N90 + K48 + untreated check) to (86 and 87%) and (86 and 87%) in the first and the second seasons,respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment produced the highest wheat straw yields.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 90 kg N fed-1 + 48 kg K fed-1 + Pallas (Pyroxsulam) herbicidee0
- Outcome
- straw yieldse0
- Direction
- thehigheste0
- Value
- 363 and 354%e0
- Comparator
- N0 + K0 + untreated checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying 90 kg N fed-1 + 48 kg K fed-1 + Pallas (Pyroxsulam) herbicide gave thehighest wheat grain and straw yields compared to (N0 + K0 + untreated check) being (329 and 316%) and (363 and 354%)and for (N90 + K48 + untreated check) to (86 and 87%) and (86 and 87%) in the first and the second seasons,respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment exceeded high nitrogen and potassium without weed control for grain yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Weed Control Treatmentst0
- Outcome
- Wheat Productivityt0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 86 and 87%e0
- Comparator
- N90 + K48 + untreated checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for (N90 + K48 + untreated check) to (86 and 87%) and (86 and 87%) in the first and the second seasons,respectively.”
t0“Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization and Weed Control Treatments on Wheat Productivity and Associated Weeds under Saline Soil Conditions in The Northern Delta of Egypt”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen and potassium with weed control improved wheat flag-leaf anatomy.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- after ninety dayse0
- Treatment
- high levels of nitrogen and potassiumfertilization with weed control treatmentse0
- Outcome
- flag leafe0
- Direction
- big improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anatomical study on the flag leaf of wheat plant, after ninety days subjected to high levels of nitrogen and potassiumfertilization with weed control treatments gave a big improvement”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors preferred high nitrogen and potassium with Pallas for economic high-quality wheat production.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 90 kg N fed-1 + 48 kg K-1 + Pallas (Pyroxsulam) herbicidee0
- Outcome
- economicwheat production with high qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was preferred to use 90 kg N fed-1 + 48 kg K-1 + Pallas (Pyroxsulam) herbicide to get an economicwheat production with high quality”
t0“Wheat”
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See all 401 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.