Abstract
Increase in soil salinity adversely affects the metabolism and lowers the yield of rice (Oryza sativa L). Application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to ameliorate the effects of salt stress on sensitive rice can be both effective and sustainable. In this study, 20 bacterial strains were isolated from the soil of saline-prone regions of Satkhira, north of the Sundarbans in coastal Bangladesh. Three bacteria among these grew well in the presence of 3 M salt (NaCl) and were Gram positive and non-motile. Their 16S rRNA sequence revealed that they belong to the Halobacillus genus. Two of them were identified as Halobacillus dabanensis strain SB-26 and the other one as Halobacillus sp. GSP 34. A couple of mechanisms by which these microbes could play beneficial role if associated with plants, such as nitrogen fixation and indole acetic acid (IAA) production, were identified. The two bacterial strains showed positive results for nitrogen fixation and indole acetic acid (IAA) activity under salt stress. Their effect on the physiology and yield of a farmer popular but sensitive BRRI dhan 28 rice variety was investigated under both control and salt stress. At the seedling stage, inoculated plants had significantly greater root length, shoot height, total weight, chlorophyll content, but lower electrolyte leakage both in control and salt stress (0, 40, and 80 mM). Performance of the plants was even better when both bacteria were used in combination. At the reproductive stage, the plants also showed better phenology in presence of the inoculated bacteria. Under stress (50 mM NaCl), these plants showed significantly greater plant height, lower spikelet damage, and yield reduction compared to untreated plants. The identified Halobacillus strains can therefore be used to improve the yield of rice by exploiting their plant growth promotion activities in coastal areas affected by moderate salinity, such as those with an ionic conductivity of up to 5 dS m−1.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Three bacterial isolates tolerated 3 M NaCl and were Gram positive and non-motile.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Outcome
- bacteria among these grew welle0
- Value
- 3 M salt (NaCl)e0
- Qualifier
- Gram positive and non-motilee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three bacteria among these grew well in the presence of 3 M salt (NaCl) and were Gram positive and non-motile.”
e1“yield of rice (Oryza sativa L)”
Claim · model-written summary
The bacterial isolates were assigned to Halobacillus; two were H. dabanensis SB-26 and one Halobacillus sp. GSP 34.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- Halobacillus genuse0
- Qualifier
- Halobacillus dabanensis strain SB-26 and the other one as Halobacillus sp. GSP 34e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Their 16S rRNA sequence revealed that they belong to the Halobacillus genus. Two of them were identified as Halobacillus dabanensis strain SB-26 and the other one as Halobacillus sp. GSP 34.”
e1“yield of rice (Oryza sativa L)”
Claim · model-written summary
The two bacterial strains showed nitrogen fixation under salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- nitrogen fixatione0
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two bacterial strains showed positive results for nitrogen fixation and indole acetic acid (IAA) activity under salt stress.”
e1“yield of rice (Oryza sativa L)”
Claim · model-written summary
The two bacterial strains showed indole acetic acid activity under salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- indole acetic acid (IAA) activitye0
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two bacterial strains showed positive results for nitrogen fixation and indole acetic acid (IAA) activity under salt stress.”
e1“yield of rice (Oryza sativa L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated rice seedlings had greater root length, shoot height and total weight under control and salt conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- BRRI dhan 28e1
- Organ / stage
- seedling stagee0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Outcome
- root length, shoot height, total weighte0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- salt stress (0, 40, and 80 mM)e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the seedling stage, inoculated plants had significantly greater root length, shoot height, total weight, chlorophyll content, but lower electrolyte leakage both in control and salt stress (0, 40, and 80 mM).”
e1“BRRI dhan 28 rice variety was investigated”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated rice seedlings had greater chlorophyll content under control and salt conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- BRRI dhan 28e1
- Organ / stage
- seedling stagee0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- salt stress (0, 40, and 80 mM)e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the seedling stage, inoculated plants had significantly greater root length, shoot height, total weight, chlorophyll content, but lower electrolyte leakage both in control and salt stress (0, 40, and 80 mM).”
e1“BRRI dhan 28 rice variety was investigated”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated rice seedlings had lower electrolyte leakage under control and salt conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- BRRI dhan 28e1
- Organ / stage
- seedling stagee0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- salt stress (0, 40, and 80 mM)e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the seedling stage, inoculated plants had significantly greater root length, shoot height, total weight, chlorophyll content, but lower electrolyte leakage both in control and salt stress (0, 40, and 80 mM).”
e1“BRRI dhan 28 rice variety was investigated”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining both bacteria gave better rice performance than separate use.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- both bacteria were used in combinatione0
- Outcome
- Performance of the plantse0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Performance of the plants was even better when both bacteria were used in combination.”
e1“BRRI dhan 28 rice variety was investigated”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated rice showed better reproductive phenology.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- reproductive stagee0
- Treatment
- inoculated bacteriae0
- Outcome
- phenologye0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the reproductive stage, the plants also showed better phenology in presence of the inoculated bacteria.”
e1“BRRI dhan 28 rice variety was investigated”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 50 mM NaCl, inoculated rice had significantly greater plant height than untreated plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- inoculated bacteriae1
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- 50 mM NaCle0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under stress (50 mM NaCl), these plants showed significantly greater plant height, lower spikelet damage, and yield reduction compared to untreated plants.”
e1“in presence of the inoculated bacteria.”
e2“BRRI dhan 28 rice variety was investigated”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 50 mM NaCl, inoculated rice had lower spikelet damage than untreated plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- inoculated bacteriae1
- Outcome
- spikelet damagee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- 50 mM NaCle0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under stress (50 mM NaCl), these plants showed significantly greater plant height, lower spikelet damage, and yield reduction compared to untreated plants.”
e1“in presence of the inoculated bacteria.”
e2“BRRI dhan 28 rice variety was investigated”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 50 mM NaCl, inoculated rice showed reduced yield loss compared with untreated plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- inoculated bacteriae1
- Outcome
- yield reductione0
- Qualifier
- 50 mM NaCle0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under stress (50 mM NaCl), these plants showed significantly greater plant height, lower spikelet damage, and yield reduction compared to untreated plants.”
e1“in presence of the inoculated bacteria.”
e2“BRRI dhan 28 rice variety was investigated”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose using the Halobacillus strains to improve rice yield in moderately saline coastal areas.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- HalobacillusHalobacilluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- improve the yield of ricee0
- Qualifier
- ionic conductivity of up to 5 dS m−1e0
- Setting
- coastal arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The identified Halobacillus strains can therefore be used to improve the yield of rice by exploiting their plant growth promotion activities in coastal areas affected by moderate salinity, such as those with an ionic conductivity of up to 5 dS m−1.”
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