Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rice is a drought susceptible crop. A symbiotic association between rice and mycorrhizal fungi could effectively protect the plant against sudden or frequent episodes of drought. Due to its extensive network of hyphae, the endophyte is able to deeply explore the soil and transfer water and minerals to the plant, some of them playing an important role in mitigating the effects of drought stress. Moreover, the endophyte could modify the expression of drought responsive genes and regulate antioxidants. RESULTS: Three rice genotypes, WC-297 (drought tolerant), Caawa (moderately drought tolerant) and IR-64 (drought susceptible) were inoculated with Piriformospora indica (P. indica), a dynamic endophyte. After 20 days of co-cultivation with the fungus, rice seedlings were subjected to 15% polyethylene glycol-6000 induced osmotic stress. P. indica improved the growth of rice seedlings. It alleviated the destructive effects of the applied osmotic stress. This symbiotic association increased seedling biomass, the uptake of phosphorus and zinc, which are functional elements for rice growth under drought stress. It boosted the chlorophyll fluorescence, increased the production of proline and improved the total antioxidant capacity in leaves. The association with the endophyte also up regulated the activity of the Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), which is critical for the synthesis of proline. CONCLUSION: A mycorrhizal association between P. indica and rice seedlings provided a multifaceted protection to rice plants under osmotic stress (- 0.295 MPa).
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Piriformospora indica improved rice seedling growth.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- inoculated with Piriformospora indicae2
- Interactor
- Piriformospora indicaSerendipita indicae2symbiont
- Outcome
- growth of rice seedlingse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. indica improved the growth of rice seedlings.”
t0“rice”
e2“inoculated with Piriformospora indica (P. indica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Piriformospora indica alleviated the destructive effects of osmotic stress on rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Piriformospora indicae2
- Interactor
- Piriformospora indicaSerendipita indicae2symbiont
- Outcome
- destructive effects of the applied osmotic stresse0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It alleviated the destructive effects of the applied osmotic stress.”
t0“rice”
e2“inoculated with Piriformospora indica (P. indica)”
Claim · model-written summary
The symbiotic association increased rice seedling biomass.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Piriformospora indicae2
- Interactor
- Piriformospora indicaSerendipita indicae2symbiont
- Outcome
- seedling biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This symbiotic association increased seedling biomass, the uptake of phosphorus and zinc”
t0“rice”
e2“inoculated with Piriformospora indica (P. indica)”
Claim · model-written summary
The symbiotic association increased rice uptake of phosphorus and zinc.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Piriformospora indicae2
- Interactor
- Piriformospora indicaSerendipita indicae2symbiont
- Outcome
- uptake of phosphorus and zince0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This symbiotic association increased seedling biomass, the uptake of phosphorus and zinc”
t0“rice”
e2“inoculated with Piriformospora indica (P. indica)”
Claim · model-written summary
The association boosted rice chlorophyll fluorescence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Piriformospora indicae2
- Interactor
- Piriformospora indicaSerendipita indicae2symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll fluorescencee0
- Direction
- boostede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It boosted the chlorophyll fluorescence, increased the production of proline and improved the total antioxidant capacity in leaves.”
t0“rice”
e2“inoculated with Piriformospora indica (P. indica)”
Claim · model-written summary
The association increased proline production in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Piriformospora indicae2
- Interactor
- Piriformospora indicaSerendipita indicae2symbiont
- Outcome
- production of prolinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the production of proline”
t0“rice”
e2“inoculated with Piriformospora indica (P. indica)”
Claim · model-written summary
The association improved total antioxidant capacity in rice leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Piriformospora indicae2
- Interactor
- Piriformospora indicaSerendipita indicae2symbiont
- Outcome
- total antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved the total antioxidant capacity in leaves”
t0“rice”
e2“inoculated with Piriformospora indica (P. indica)”
Claim · model-written summary
The association upregulated P5CS activity in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Piriformospora indicae2
- Interactor
- Piriformospora indicaSerendipita indicae2symbiont
- Gene
- Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS)e0
- Outcome
- activity of the Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS)e0
- Direction
- up regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The association with the endophyte also up regulated the activity of the Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS)”
t0“rice”
e2“inoculated with Piriformospora indica (P. indica)”
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See all 399 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.