Abstract
Efficacy of five botanical extracts (eucalyptus, bakayan, chilli, thyme and onion extract) and synthetic insecticide (Steward 150 EC) was evaluated against H. armigera and its associated natural enemies under field conditions during 2014, followed Randomize Complete Block Design with three replications. Results revealed that all the tested botanicals and insecticide were found effective in controlling the tomato fruit worm infestation as compared to control. Among all the tested spray materials, Steward 150 EC was found the most effective in reducing H. armigera larval infestation (61.01%) followed by bakayan extract (44.49%). However, the steward 150 EC was comparatively more toxic to the natural enemies than botanicals. Fruit infestation was minimum in Steward tested plots and maximum in control on weight basis and on number basis 10.53% and 10.29% and 30.88% and 29.11% respectively. Similarly, Steward treated plot yielded the highest (9564 kg ha -1 ) and control yielded the lowest (5487 kg ha -1 ). It was concluded that Steward 150 EC was the most effective in managing fruit worm infestation and hence resulting the minimum fruit damage and consequently enhanced the yield of tomato. However, the synthetic insecticide was extremely toxic to the natural enemies. Furthermore, eucalyptus, chilli, onion and thyme extract also showed better results than control in term of pest reduction and were comparatively safe to the natural enemies, Hence these botanicals should be included in IPM program for the suitable management of H. armigera associated with tomato crop.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Eucalyptus extract controlled tomato fruit-worm infestation relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- eucalyptuse1
- Interactor
- H. armigera
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerae1pest - Outcome
- tomato fruit worm infestatione0
- Direction
- controllinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- field conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that all the tested botanicals and insecticide were found effective in controlling the tomato fruit worm infestation as compared to control.”
e1“Efficacy of five botanical extracts (eucalyptus, bakayan, chilli, thyme and onion extract) and synthetic insecticide (Steward 150 EC) was evaluated against H. armigera and its associated natural enemies under field conditions during 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilli extract controlled tomato fruit-worm infestation relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- chillie1
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- tomato fruit worm infestatione0
- Direction
- controllinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that all the tested botanicals and insecticide were found effective in controlling the tomato fruit worm infestation as compared to control.”
e1“Efficacy of five botanical extracts (eucalyptus, bakayan, chilli, thyme and onion extract) and synthetic insecticide (Steward 150 EC) was evaluated against H. armigera and its associated natural enemies under field conditions during 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
Thyme extract controlled tomato fruit-worm infestation relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- thymee1
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- tomato fruit worm infestatione0
- Direction
- controllinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that all the tested botanicals and insecticide were found effective in controlling the tomato fruit worm infestation as compared to control.”
e1“Efficacy of five botanical extracts (eucalyptus, bakayan, chilli, thyme and onion extract) and synthetic insecticide (Steward 150 EC) was evaluated against H. armigera and its associated natural enemies under field conditions during 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion extract controlled tomato fruit-worm infestation relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- onion extracte1
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- tomato fruit worm infestatione0
- Direction
- controllinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that all the tested botanicals and insecticide were found effective in controlling the tomato fruit worm infestation as compared to control.”
e1“Efficacy of five botanical extracts (eucalyptus, bakayan, chilli, thyme and onion extract) and synthetic insecticide (Steward 150 EC) was evaluated against H. armigera and its associated natural enemies under field conditions during 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
Steward reduced larval infestation by 61.01% and was the most effective spray.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Steward 150 ECe0
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- H. armigera larval infestatione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 61.01%e0
- Comparator
- all the tested spray materialse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all the tested spray materials, Steward 150 EC was found the most effective in reducing H. armigera larval infestation (61.01%) followed by bakayan extract (44.49%).”
t0“tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Bakayan extract reduced larval infestation by 44.49%, ranking after Steward.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- bakayan extracte0
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- H. armigera larval infestatione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 44.49%e0
- Comparator
- Steward 150 ECe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all the tested spray materials, Steward 150 EC was found the most effective in reducing H. armigera larval infestation (61.01%) followed by bakayan extract (44.49%).”
t0“tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Steward was more toxic to natural enemies than botanicals.
Verbatim
e0“However, the steward 150 EC was comparatively more toxic to the natural enemies than botanicals.”
Claim · model-written summary
Steward plots had minimum fruit infestation by weight, 10.53%, versus 30.88% in control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Stewarde0
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- Fruit infestatione0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 10.53%e0
- Qualifier
- weight basise0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit infestation was minimum in Steward tested plots and maximum in control on weight basis and on number basis 10.53% and 10.29% and 30.88% and 29.11% respectively.”
t0“tomato crop”
e1“H. armigera and its associated natural enemies”
Claim · model-written summary
Steward plots had minimum fruit infestation by number, 10.29%, versus 29.11% in control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Stewarde0
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- Fruit infestatione0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 10.29%e0
- Qualifier
- number basise0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit infestation was minimum in Steward tested plots and maximum in control on weight basis and on number basis 10.53% and 10.29% and 30.88% and 29.11% respectively.”
t0“tomato crop”
e1“H. armigera and its associated natural enemies”
Claim · model-written summary
Steward produced the highest yield, 9564 kg ha -1, versus the lowest control yield of 5487 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Stewarde0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 9564 kg ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- 5487 kg ha -1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, Steward treated plot yielded the highest (9564 kg ha -1 ) and control yielded the lowest (5487 kg ha -1 ).”
t0“tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend including eucalyptus extract in IPM for tomato fruit worm.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- eucalyptuse0
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- included in IPM programe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, eucalyptus, chilli, onion and thyme extract also showed better results than control in term of pest reduction and were comparatively safe to the natural enemies, Hence these botanicals should be included in IPM program for the suitable management of H. armigera associated with tomato crop.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend including chilli extract in IPM for tomato fruit worm.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- chillie0
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- included in IPM programe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, eucalyptus, chilli, onion and thyme extract also showed better results than control in term of pest reduction and were comparatively safe to the natural enemies, Hence these botanicals should be included in IPM program for the suitable management of H. armigera associated with tomato crop.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend including onion extract in IPM for tomato fruit worm.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- onione0
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- included in IPM programe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, eucalyptus, chilli, onion and thyme extract also showed better results than control in term of pest reduction and were comparatively safe to the natural enemies, Hence these botanicals should be included in IPM program for the suitable management of H. armigera associated with tomato crop.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend including thyme extract in IPM for tomato fruit worm.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- thyme extracte0
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- included in IPM programe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, eucalyptus, chilli, onion and thyme extract also showed better results than control in term of pest reduction and were comparatively safe to the natural enemies, Hence these botanicals should be included in IPM program for the suitable management of H. armigera associated with tomato crop.”
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