Abstract
Superficial scald is a major physiological disorder of apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.) characterized by skin browning following cold storage; however, knowledge regarding the downstream processes that modulate scald phenomenon is unclear. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying scald resistance, 'Granny Smith' apples after harvest were treated with diphenylamine (DPA) or 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), then cold stored (0 °C for 3 months) and subsequently were ripened at room temperature (20 °C for 8 days). Phenotypic and physiological data indicated that both chemical treatments induced scald resistance while 1-MCP inhibited the ethylene-dependent ripening. A combination of multi-omic analysis in apple skin tissue enabled characterization of potential genes, proteins and metabolites that were regulated by DPA and 1-MCP at pro-symptomatic and scald-symptomatic period. Specifically, we characterized strata of scald resistance responses, among which we focus on selected pathways including dehydroabietic acid biosynthesis and UDP-D-glucose regulation. Through this approach, we revealed scald-associated transcriptional, proteomic and metabolic signatures and identified pathways modulated by the common or distinct functions of DPA and 1-MCP. Also, evidence is presented supporting that cytosine methylation-based epigenetic regulation is involved in scald resistance. Results allow a greater comprehension of the ethylene-dependent and -independent metabolic events controlling scald resistance.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
DPA induced scald resistance in stored Granny Smith apples.
- Taxon
- apple fruit
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- 'Granny Smith'e1
- Treatment
- diphenylamine (DPA)e1
- Outcome
- scald resistancee0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both chemical treatments induced scald resistance”
t0“apple fruit”
e1“'Granny Smith' apples after harvest were treated with diphenylamine (DPA) or 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP induced scald resistance in stored Granny Smith apples.
- Taxon
- apple fruitMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Granny Smith'e1
- Treatment
- 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)e1
- Outcome
- scald resistancee0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both chemical treatments induced scald resistance”
t0“apple fruit”
e1“'Granny Smith' apples after harvest were treated with diphenylamine (DPA) or 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP inhibited ethylene-dependent ripening.
- Taxon
- apple fruitMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- ethylene-dependent ripeninge0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-MCP inhibited the ethylene-dependent ripening.”
t0“apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
DPA and 1-MCP regulated potential genes, proteins and metabolites during presymptomatic and symptomatic periods.
- Taxon
- apple fruitMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- genes, proteins and metabolitese0
- Qualifier
- at pro-symptomatic and scald-symptomatic periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potential genes, proteins and metabolites that were regulated by DPA and 1-MCP at pro-symptomatic and scald-symptomatic period.”
t0“apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Scald resistance responses included dehydroabietic acid biosynthesis and UDP-D-glucose regulation.
- Taxon
- apple fruitMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- scald resistance responsese0
- Qualifier
- dehydroabietic acid biosynthesis and UDP-D-glucose regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strata of scald resistance responses, among which we focus on selected pathways including dehydroabietic acid biosynthesis and UDP-D-glucose regulation.”
t0“apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The analysis identified scald-associated transcriptional, proteomic and metabolic signatures.
- Taxon
- apple fruitMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- scald-associated transcriptional, proteomic and metabolic signaturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we revealed scald-associated transcriptional, proteomic and metabolic signatures”
t0“apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
DPA and 1-MCP modulated pathways through common or distinct functions.
- Taxon
- apple fruitMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- pathways modulated by the common or distinct functions of DPA and 1-MCPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identified pathways modulated by the common or distinct functions of DPA and 1-MCP.”
t0“apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Evidence supported a role for cytosine methylation-based epigenetic regulation in scald resistance.
- Taxon
- apple fruitMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- scald resistancee0
- Qualifier
- cytosine methylation-based epigenetic regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evidence is presented supporting that cytosine methylation-based epigenetic regulation is involved in scald resistance.”
t0“apple fruit”
The same questions in other papers
1-methylcyclopropene · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.