Abstract
'Empire' apple fruit can develop a chilling injury expressed as a firm flesh browning if stored at 0.5°C, and injury can be reduced by storing fruit at 2-3°C. Treatment of fruit with 1-MCP treatment, however, can make browning incidence and severity worse, especially at warmer storage temperatures. To better understand the metabolic changes associated with flesh browning, metabolic profiling using GC-MS has been used to evaluate metabolomic changes in untreated and 1-MCP treated 'Empire' fruit cortex stored in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage at 0.5 and 3.3°C for up to 40 weeks. Browning incidence and severity was higher in 1-MCP treated fruit than untreated fruit at both temperatures. Metabolites with elevated levels in 1-MCP treated cortex stored at both 0.5 or 3.3°C included rhamnose, sorbitol, threonate, fumaric acid and glutamate. The amino acids, leucine, valine, aspartate, threonine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and tryptophan were also elevated at both storage temperatures in 1-MCP treated fruit. Overall, the results indicate that 1-MCP has wide ranging effects on metabolic processes of treated apple fruit. However, whether these changes are related to flesh browning in a causal way remains uncertain.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling injury appeared as firm flesh browning at 0.5°C.
Verbatim
e0“'Empire' apple fruit can develop a chilling injury expressed as a firm flesh browning if stored at 0.5°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage at 2-3°C reduced chilling injury.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- storing fruit at 2-3°Ce0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“injury can be reduced by storing fruit at 2-3°C”
t0“APPLE”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP increased browning incidence and severity at both temperatures.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP treated fruite0
- Outcome
- Browning incidence and severitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- at both temperaturese0
- Comparator
- untreated fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Browning incidence and severity was higher in 1-MCP treated fruit than untreated fruit at both temperatures”
t0“APPLE”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhamnose, sorbitol and threonate levels were elevated with 1-MCP at both storage temperatures.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- cortexe0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP treated cortexe0
- Outcome
- rhamnose, sorbitol, threonatee0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Qualifier
- at both 0.5 or 3.3°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metabolites with elevated levels in 1-MCP treated cortex stored at both 0.5 or 3.3°C included rhamnose, sorbitol, threonate, fumaric acid and glutamate”
t0“APPLE”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumaric acid and glutamate levels were elevated with 1-MCP at both storage temperatures.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- cortexe0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP treated cortexe0
- Outcome
- fumaric acid and glutamatee0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metabolites with elevated levels in 1-MCP treated cortex stored at both 0.5 or 3.3°C included rhamnose, sorbitol, threonate, fumaric acid and glutamate”
t0“APPLE”
Claim · model-written summary
Leucine, valine and aspartate were elevated in 1-MCP treated fruit at both temperatures.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP treated fruite0
- Outcome
- leucine, valine, aspartatee0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Qualifier
- at both storage temperaturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amino acids, leucine, valine, aspartate, threonine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and tryptophan were also elevated at both storage temperatures in 1-MCP treated fruit”
t0“APPLE”
Claim · model-written summary
Threonine, isoleucine and phenylalanine were elevated in 1-MCP treated fruit at both temperatures.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP treated fruite0
- Outcome
- threonine, isoleucine, phenylalaninee0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amino acids, leucine, valine, aspartate, threonine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and tryptophan were also elevated at both storage temperatures in 1-MCP treated fruit”
t0“APPLE”
Claim · model-written summary
Tryptophan was elevated in 1-MCP treated fruit at both temperatures.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP treated fruite0
- Outcome
- tryptophane0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amino acids, leucine, valine, aspartate, threonine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and tryptophan were also elevated at both storage temperatures in 1-MCP treated fruit”
t0“APPLE”
The same questions in other papers
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- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 49 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.