Abstract
Soil salinity, poor soil structure and macronutrient deficiencies are three important limitations responsible for poor crop yields in coastal saline soils. Here we used humic fertilizer and vermicompost to ameliorate salt-induced stress by regulating the soil bacterial community and aggregates in different growth stages of winter wheat. Soil salinity, aggregates, nutrient availability, the soil bacterial community from next-generation high-throughput sequencing, and wheat yield were determined in this study. The results indicated that humic fertilizer and vermicompost could efficiently alleviate salt accumulation (by 16.8–41.1 and 13.3–42.7%, respectively) in topsoil by inhibiting resalinization and increase the proportion of soil macroaggregates (by 26.7–85.9 and 31.6–105.5%, respectively) in the wheat growth stages. Skermanella, Arthrobacter and Sphingomonas were the dominant genera in the study soil. Humic fertilizer and vermicompost could improve soil total N (by 4.7–15.6 and 2.4–25.2%, respectively), available P (by 15.9 and 7.3–64.4%, respectively), and exchangeable K (by 3.9–18.4 and 0.7–12.1%, respectively) by increasing the abundance of Arthrobacter and Pedobacter, consequently improving shoot biomass (by 41.1 and 52.8%, respectively) and grain yield (by 45.1 and 60.2%, respectively) of wheat. Therefore, vermicompost and humic fertilizer ameliorate salt-induced stress in coastal saline soil through the integrated improvement of soil physical, chemical and biological properties.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Humic fertilizer alleviated topsoil salt accumulation by 16.8–41.1%.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- humic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- salt accumulatione0
- Direction
- alleviatee0
- Value
- 16.8–41.1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“humic fertilizer and vermicompost could efficiently alleviate salt accumulation (by 16.8–41.1 and 13.3–42.7%, respectively) in topsoil”
t0“growth stages of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic fertilizer increased soil macroaggregates by 26.7–85.9%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- humic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- proportion of soil macroaggregatese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 26.7–85.9e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“humic fertilizer and vermicompost could efficiently alleviate salt accumulation (by 16.8–41.1 and 13.3–42.7%, respectively) in topsoil by inhibiting resalinization and increase the proportion of soil macroaggregates (by 26.7–85.9 and 31.6–105.5%, respectively)”
t0“growth stages of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic fertilizer improved soil total N by 4.7–15.6%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- humic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil total Ne0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Value
- 4.7–15.6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“humic fertilizer and vermicompost could improve soil total N (by 4.7–15.6 and 2.4–25.2%, respectively)”
t0“growth stages of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic fertilizer improved available P by 15.9%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- humic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- available Pe0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Value
- 15.9e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“humic fertilizer and vermicompost could improve soil total N (by 4.7–15.6 and 2.4–25.2%, respectively), available P (by 15.9 and 7.3–64.4%, respectively)”
t0“growth stages of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic fertilizer improved exchangeable K by 3.9–18.4%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- humic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- exchangeable Ke0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Value
- 3.9–18.4e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“humic fertilizer and vermicompost could improve soil total N (by 4.7–15.6 and 2.4–25.2%, respectively), available P (by 15.9 and 7.3–64.4%, respectively), and exchangeable K (by 3.9–18.4 and 0.7–12.1%, respectively)”
t0“growth stages of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic fertilizer improved shoot biomass by 41.1%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- humic fertilizere1
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Value
- 41.1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“consequently improving shoot biomass (by 41.1 and 52.8%, respectively)”
t0“growth stages of winter wheat”
e1“humic fertilizer and vermicompost could efficiently alleviate salt accumulation (by 16.8–41.1 and 13.3–42.7%, respectively) in topsoil”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic fertilizer improved grain yield by 45.1%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- humic fertilizere1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Value
- 45.1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“consequently improving shoot biomass (by 41.1 and 52.8%, respectively) and grain yield (by 45.1 and 60.2%, respectively)”
t0“growth stages of winter wheat”
e1“humic fertilizer and vermicompost could efficiently alleviate salt accumulation (by 16.8–41.1 and 13.3–42.7%, respectively) in topsoil”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost alleviated topsoil salt accumulation by 13.3–42.7%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- salt accumulatione0
- Direction
- alleviatee0
- Value
- 13.3–42.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“humic fertilizer and vermicompost could efficiently alleviate salt accumulation (by 16.8–41.1 and 13.3–42.7%, respectively) in topsoil”
t0“growth stages of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost increased soil macroaggregates by 31.6–105.5%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- proportion of soil macroaggregatese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 31.6–105.5e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“humic fertilizer and vermicompost could efficiently alleviate salt accumulation (by 16.8–41.1 and 13.3–42.7%, respectively) in topsoil by inhibiting resalinization and increase the proportion of soil macroaggregates (by 26.7–85.9 and 31.6–105.5%, respectively)”
t0“growth stages of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost improved soil total N by 2.4–25.2%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- soil total Ne0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Value
- 2.4–25.2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“humic fertilizer and vermicompost could improve soil total N (by 4.7–15.6 and 2.4–25.2%, respectively)”
t0“growth stages of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost improved available P by 7.3–64.4%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- available Pe0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Value
- 7.3–64.4e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“humic fertilizer and vermicompost could improve soil total N (by 4.7–15.6 and 2.4–25.2%, respectively), available P (by 15.9 and 7.3–64.4%, respectively)”
t0“growth stages of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost improved exchangeable K by 0.7–12.1%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- exchangeable Ke0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Value
- 0.7–12.1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“humic fertilizer and vermicompost could improve soil total N (by 4.7–15.6 and 2.4–25.2%, respectively), available P (by 15.9 and 7.3–64.4%, respectively), and exchangeable K (by 3.9–18.4 and 0.7–12.1%, respectively)”
t0“growth stages of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost improved shoot biomass by 52.8%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte1
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Value
- 52.8e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“consequently improving shoot biomass (by 41.1 and 52.8%, respectively)”
t0“growth stages of winter wheat”
e1“humic fertilizer and vermicompost could efficiently alleviate salt accumulation (by 16.8–41.1 and 13.3–42.7%, respectively) in topsoil”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost improved grain yield by 60.2%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Value
- 60.2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“consequently improving shoot biomass (by 41.1 and 52.8%, respectively) and grain yield (by 45.1 and 60.2%, respectively)”
t0“growth stages of winter wheat”
e1“humic fertilizer and vermicompost could efficiently alleviate salt accumulation (by 16.8–41.1 and 13.3–42.7%, respectively) in topsoil”
Claim · model-written summary
Skermanella, Arthrobacter and Sphingomonas dominated the study soil.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- dominant genera in the study soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Skermanella, Arthrobacter and Sphingomonas were the dominant genera in the study soil”
t0“growth stages of winter wheat”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.