Abstract
The role of melatonin in the regulation of fruit ripening and the mechanism involved remain largely unknown. In “Moldova” grape berries, melatonin accumulated rapidly from onset of veraison, reached the maximum at 94 days after bloom (DAB) and then exhibited low levels at late stages of berry ripening. By contrast, abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exhibited different accumulation patterns, and ethylene was primarily produced immediately before veraison. Further experiments demonstrated that 10 and particularly 100 µM melatonin treatments increased the levels of ABA, H2O2, and ethylene production and promoted berry ripening compared with the control treatment, whereas 0.1 and 1.0 µM melatonin did not lead to clear effects. Additionally, the application of inhibitors indicated that ABA, H2O2, and ethylene participated in the regulation of berry ripening induced by melatonin, and the suppression of ethylene biosynthesis produced the greatest inhibitory effects on melatonin-induced berry ripening compared with those of ABA and H2O2. Melatonin also promoted ethylene production via ABA. In summary, 10 and particularly 100 µM melatonin treatments promoted berry ripening, which was accomplished, at least partially, via the other signaling molecules of ABA, H2O2, and particularly ethylene. This research provides insight into melatonin signaling during berry ripening and may advance the application of melatonin to accelerate berry ripening.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin accumulated from veraison and peaked at 94 DAB.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin accumulated rapidly from onset of veraison, reached the maximum at 94 days after bloom (DAB)”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin was low late in berry ripening.
Verbatim
e0“then exhibited low levels at late stages of berry ripening”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA and H2O2 had different accumulation patterns from melatonin.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exhibited different accumulation patternse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exhibited different accumulation patterns”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene was produced mainly just before veraison.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“ethylene was primarily produced immediately before veraison”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin at 10 and especially 100 µM increased ABA.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- 10 and particularly 100 µM melatonin treatmentse0
- Outcome
- levels of ABAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“10 and particularly 100 µM melatonin treatments increased the levels of ABA, H2O2, and ethylene production”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin at 10 and especially 100 µM increased H2O2.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- 10 and particularly 100 µM melatonin treatmentse0
- Outcome
- H2O2e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“10 and particularly 100 µM melatonin treatments increased the levels of ABA, H2O2, and ethylene production”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin at 10 and especially 100 µM increased ethylene production.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- 10 and particularly 100 µM melatonin treatmentse0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“10 and particularly 100 µM melatonin treatments increased the levels of ABA, H2O2, and ethylene production”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin at 10 and especially 100 µM promoted berry ripening relative to control.
Verbatim
e0“10 and particularly 100 µM melatonin treatments increased the levels of ABA, H2O2, and ethylene production and promoted berry ripening compared with the control treatment”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin at 0.1 and 1.0 µM had no clear effect.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“0.1 and 1.0 µM melatonin did not lead to clear effects”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitor experiments implicated ABA, H2O2 and ethylene in melatonin-driven ripening.
Verbatim
e0“the application of inhibitors indicated that ABA, H2O2, and ethylene participated in the regulation of berry ripening induced by melatonin”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressing ethylene biosynthesis inhibited melatonin-induced ripening more than suppressing ABA or H2O2.
Verbatim
e0“suppression of ethylene biosynthesis produced the greatest inhibitory effects on melatonin-induced berry ripening compared with those of ABA and H2O2”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin promoted ethylene production through ABA.
Verbatim
e0“Melatonin also promoted ethylene production via ABA”
t0“grape berry”
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