Abstract
Soilborne disease complexes are an emerging constraint in protected culture tomato production systems in the Midwestern United States. Diseases in these complexes include Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae), black dot root rot (Colletotrichum coccodes), corky root rot (Pyrenochaeta lycopersici), and root knot (Meloidogyne spp.). Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) may be a viable, environmentally benign strategy for managing these complexes. Soils from two farms in Ohio were used to determine the impacts of ASD, using wheat bran, molasses, or ethanol as carbon sources, on soilborne diseases and soil bacterial communities. ASD with wheat bran or ethanol amendments led to significantly reduced tomato root rot severity, while nematode galling damage was significantly reduced following ASD with any carbon source compared with nontreated controls. When ethanol was used as a carbon source in ASD, the colonization of tomato roots by P. lycopersici and C. coccodes was observed less frequently than in control roots. A high throughput sequencing approach was used to characterize soil bacterial communities following ASD. Carbon source and soil origin influenced the composition of bacterial communities in soils treated with ASD. Bacterial community diversity decreased following ASD with wheat bran in all soils tested and following ASD with ethanol in soils from one farm. The abundance of bacteria in the phylum Firmicutes generally increased significantly following ASD, while the abundance of those in the phyla Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Plantomycetes generally decreased following ASD. These findings provide insight into the impacts of ASD on microbial communities and soilborne diseases and will be used to optimize ASD as a tool for Midwestern vegetable growers.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
ASD with wheat bran or ethanol significantly reduced tomato root rot severity.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- ASD with wheat bran or ethanol amendmentse0
- Outcome
- tomato root rot severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ASD with wheat bran or ethanol amendments led to significantly reduced tomato root rot severity”
Claim · model-written summary
ASD with any carbon source significantly reduced nematode galling damage on tomato compared with nontreated controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- ASD with any carbon sourcee1
- Outcome
- nematode galling damagee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- nontreated controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soilborne disease complexes are an emerging constraint in protected culture tomato production systems in the Midwestern United States”
e1“while nematode galling damage was significantly reduced following ASD with any carbon source compared with nontreated controls”
Claim · model-written summary
ASD with ethanol reduced the frequency of P. lycopersici colonization of tomato roots compared with control roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- ethanol was used as a carbon source in ASDe0
- Interactor
- P. lycopersiciPseudopyrenochaeta lycopersicie0pathogen
- Outcome
- colonization of tomato rootse0
- Direction
- less frequentlye0
- Comparator
- control rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When ethanol was used as a carbon source in ASD, the colonization of tomato roots by P. lycopersici and C. coccodes was observed less frequently than in control roots”
Claim · model-written summary
ASD with ethanol reduced the frequency of C. coccodes colonization of tomato roots compared with control roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- ethanol was used as a carbon source in ASDe0
- Interactor
- C. coccodes
Colletotrichum coccodese0pathogen - Outcome
- colonization of tomato rootse0
- Direction
- less frequentlye0
- Comparator
- control rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When ethanol was used as a carbon source in ASD, the colonization of tomato roots by P. lycopersici and C. coccodes was observed less frequently than in control roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon source and soil origin influenced the composition of bacterial communities in soils treated with ASD.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Carbon source and soil origine1
- Outcome
- composition of bacterial communitiese1
- Direction
- influencede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soilborne disease complexes are an emerging constraint in protected culture tomato production systems in the Midwestern United States”
e1“Carbon source and soil origin influenced the composition of bacterial communities in soils treated with ASD”
Claim · model-written summary
ASD with wheat bran decreased bacterial community diversity in all soils tested.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- ASD with wheat brane1
- Outcome
- Bacterial community diversitye1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Setting
- all soils testede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soilborne disease complexes are an emerging constraint in protected culture tomato production systems in the Midwestern United States”
e1“Bacterial community diversity decreased following ASD with wheat bran in all soils tested and following ASD with ethanol in soils from one farm”
Claim · model-written summary
ASD with ethanol decreased bacterial community diversity in soils from one farm.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- ASD with ethanole1
- Outcome
- Bacterial community diversitye1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Setting
- soils from one farme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soilborne disease complexes are an emerging constraint in protected culture tomato production systems in the Midwestern United States”
e1“Bacterial community diversity decreased following ASD with wheat bran in all soils tested and following ASD with ethanol in soils from one farm”
Claim · model-written summary
ASD increased the abundance of bacteria in the phylum Firmicutes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- ASDe1
- Outcome
- abundance of bacteria in the phylum Firmicutese1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soilborne disease complexes are an emerging constraint in protected culture tomato production systems in the Midwestern United States”
e1“The abundance of bacteria in the phylum Firmicutes generally increased significantly following ASD”
Claim · model-written summary
ASD decreased the abundance of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- ASDe1
- Outcome
- abundance of those in the phyla Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexie1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soilborne disease complexes are an emerging constraint in protected culture tomato production systems in the Midwestern United States”
e1“the abundance of those in the phyla Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Plantomycetes generally decreased following ASD”
Claim · model-written summary
ASD decreased the abundance of Planctomycetes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- ASDe1
- Outcome
- Plantomycetese1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soilborne disease complexes are an emerging constraint in protected culture tomato production systems in the Midwestern United States”
e1“the abundance of those in the phyla Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Plantomycetes generally decreased following ASD”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.