Abstract
The present study sought to compare the effect of seed priming by hydropriming, ascorbate and calcium chloride (CaCl2) versus different concentrations of silver nanoparticles on two Iranian rice cultivars (Hashemi and Shiroodi) under drought stress. The experimental design, which was factorial, was completely randomized. The first factor was control (without priming), hydro-priming, 20 mg.L-1 calcium chloride, 20 mg.L-1 ascorbates and 20, 40 and 80 mg.L-1 of silver nanoparticles. The second factor was the drought stress, including control, -1.48 and -4.91 bars created by polyethylene glycol 6000 solutions. In plants without drought stress, the time required to reach 50% germination (T50) reduced to 34 and 54 percent under ascorbate and CaCl2 priming in the Hashemi and Shiroodi cultivars, respectively. In the drought stress condition, ascorbate and hydropriming pretreatments decreased T50 and the time required to reach 90% germination (T90) more than silver nanoparticles, especially in the Shiroodi cultivar. On the other hand, in comparison with other pretreatments, CaCl2 had an important role in increasing the growth factors in all of the drought stress treatments. Although 40 mg.L-1 silver nanoparticles increased the growth factors to some extent, it seems that higher levels of silver nanoparticles cause stress in seeds and therefore decrease the seed germination and growth of seedlings. By decreasing reactive oxygen species, Ascorbate improves the germination and by increasing plasma membrane efficiency, CaCl2 enhances the seedling growth under drought stress. Highlights: Silver nanoparticles increased the effect of stress on the seedlings of rice cultivars. Ascorbate and calcium chloride improved the germination and seedlings growth of the rice cultivars, respectively under drought stress conditions.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate and CaCl2 priming reduced time to 50% germination in non-stressed rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- Hashemi and Shiroodi cultivarse2
- Treatment
- ascorbate and CaCl2 priminge2
- Outcome
- the time required to reach 50% germination (T50)e2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 34 and 54 percente2
- Comparator
- control (without priming)e1
- Setting
- without drought stresse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Iranian rice cultivars (Hashemi and Shiroodi)”
e1“control (without priming), hydro-priming, 20 mg.L-1 calcium chloride, 20 mg.L-1 ascorbates and 20, 40 and 80 mg.L-1 of silver nanoparticles”
e2“In plants without drought stress, the time required to reach 50% germination (T50) reduced to 34 and 54 percent under ascorbate and CaCl2 priming in the Hashemi and Shiroodi cultivars, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate and hydropriming decreased T50 and T90 under drought more than silver nanoparticles did, especially in Shiroodi.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Shiroodi cultivare3
- Treatment
- ascorbate and hydropriming pretreatmentse3
- Outcome
- T50 and the time required to reach 90% germination (T90)e3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Comparator
- silver nanoparticlese3
- Setting
- drought stress conditione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Iranian rice cultivars (Hashemi and Shiroodi)”
e3“In the drought stress condition, ascorbate and hydropriming pretreatments decreased T50 and the time required to reach 90% germination (T90) more than silver nanoparticles, especially in the Shiroodi cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 priming increased growth factors in all drought stress treatments compared with other pretreatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e4
- Outcome
- growth factorse4
- Direction
- increasinge4
- Comparator
- other pretreatmentse4
- Setting
- drought stress treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Iranian rice cultivars (Hashemi and Shiroodi)”
e4“in comparison with other pretreatments, CaCl2 had an important role in increasing the growth factors in all of the drought stress treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with 40 mg/L silver nanoparticles increased growth factors to some extent.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 40 mg.L-1 silver nanoparticlese5
- Outcome
- growth factorse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- to some extente5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Iranian rice cultivars (Hashemi and Shiroodi)”
e5“Although 40 mg.L-1 silver nanoparticles increased the growth factors to some extent”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher levels of silver nanoparticles appear to stress seeds and decrease germination and seedling growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- higher levels of silver nanoparticlese6
- Outcome
- seed germination and growth of seedlingse6
- Direction
- decreasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Iranian rice cultivars (Hashemi and Shiroodi)”
e6“it seems that higher levels of silver nanoparticles cause stress in seeds and therefore decrease the seed germination and growth of seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate improves rice germination by decreasing reactive oxygen species.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Ascorbatee7
- Outcome
- germinatione7
- Qualifier
- By decreasing reactive oxygen speciese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Iranian rice cultivars (Hashemi and Shiroodi)”
e7“By decreasing reactive oxygen species, Ascorbate improves the germination”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 enhances seedling growth under drought by increasing plasma membrane efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e1
- Outcome
- seedling growthe1
- Qualifier
- by increasing plasma membrane efficiencye1
- Setting
- under drought stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Iranian rice cultivars (Hashemi and Shiroodi)”
e1“by increasing plasma membrane efficiency, CaCl2 enhances the seedling growth under drought stress”
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