Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes cause considerable damage to crop plants. The rhizosphere microbiome can affect invasion and reproductive success of plant-parasitic nematodes, thus affecting plant damage. In this study, we investigated how the transplanted rhizosphere microbiome from different crops affect plant-parasitic nematodes on soybean or tomato, and whether the plant’s own microbiome from the rhizosphere protects it better than the microbiome from fallow soil. Soybean plants growing in sterilized substrate were inoculated with the microbiome extracted from the rhizosphere of soybean, maize, or tomato. Controls were inoculated with extracts from bulk soil, or not inoculated. After the microbiome was established, the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans was added. Root invasion of P. penetrans was significantly reduced on soybean plants inoculated with the microbiome from maize or soybean compared to tomato or bulk soil, or the uninoculated control. In the analogous experiment with tomato plants inoculated with either P. penetrans or the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, the rhizosphere microbiomes of maize and tomato reduced root invasion by P. penetrans and M. incognita compared to microbiomes from soybean or bulk soil. Reproduction of M. incognita on tomato followed the same trend, and it was best suppressed by the tomato rhizosphere microbiome. In split-root experiments with soybean and tomato plants, a systemic effect of the inoculated rhizosphere microbiomes on root invasion of P. penetrans was shown. Furthermore, some transplanted microbiomes slightly enhanced plant growth compared to uninoculated plants. The microbiomes from maize rhizosphere and bulk soil increased the fresh weights of roots and shoots of soybean plants, and microbiomes from soybean rhizosphere and bulk soil increased the fresh weights of roots and shoots of tomato plants. Nematode invasion did not affect plant growth in these short-term experiments. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of the rhizosphere microbiome in protecting crops against plant-parasitic nematodes. An effect of pre-crops on the rhizosphere microbiome might be harnessed to enhance the resistance of crops towards plant-parasitic nematodes. However, nematode-suppressive effects of a particular microbiome may not necessarily coincide with improvement of plant growth in the absence of plant-parasitic nematodes.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
microbiome from maize reduced P. penetrans root invasion on soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- microbiome from maizee0
- Interactor
- P. penetrans
Pratylenchus penetranse0pest - Outcome
- root invasione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- tomato or bulk soil, or the uninoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root invasion of P. penetrans was significantly reduced on soybean plants inoculated with the microbiome from maize or soybean compared to tomato or bulk soil, or the uninoculated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
microbiome from maize or soybean reduced P. penetrans root invasion on soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- microbiome from maize or soybeane0
- Interactor
- P. penetransPratylenchus penetranse0pest
- Outcome
- root invasione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- tomato or bulk soil, or the uninoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root invasion of P. penetrans was significantly reduced on soybean plants inoculated with the microbiome from maize or soybean compared to tomato or bulk soil, or the uninoculated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
maize reduced P. penetrans root invasion on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- maizee0
- Interactor
- P. penetransPratylenchus penetranse0pest
- Outcome
- root invasione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- microbiomes from soybean or bulk soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rhizosphere microbiomes of maize and tomato reduced root invasion by P. penetrans and M. incognita compared to microbiomes from soybean or bulk soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
tomato reduced P. penetrans root invasion on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- tomatoe0
- Interactor
- P. penetransPratylenchus penetranse0pest
- Outcome
- root invasione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- microbiomes from soybean or bulk soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rhizosphere microbiomes of maize and tomato reduced root invasion by P. penetrans and M. incognita compared to microbiomes from soybean or bulk soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
maize reduced M. incognita root invasion on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- maizee0
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pest - Outcome
- root invasione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- microbiomes from soybean or bulk soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the rhizosphere microbiomes of maize and tomato reduced root invasion by P. penetrans and M. incognita compared to microbiomes from soybean or bulk soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
tomato reduced M. incognita root invasion on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- tomatoe0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- root invasione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- microbiomes from soybean or bulk soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rhizosphere microbiomes of maize and tomato reduced root invasion by P. penetrans and M. incognita compared to microbiomes from soybean or bulk soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato rhizosphere microbiome best suppressed M. incognita reproduction on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- tomato rhizosphere microbiomee0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- Reproduction of M. incognitae0
- Direction
- best suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reproduction of M. incognita on tomato followed the same trend, and it was best suppressed by the tomato rhizosphere microbiome.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated microbiomes had a systemic effect on P. penetrans root invasion in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- inoculated rhizosphere microbiomese0
- Interactor
- P. penetransPratylenchus penetranse0pest
- Outcome
- systemic effect of the inoculated rhizosphere microbiomes on root invasion of P. penetranse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In split-root experiments with soybean and tomato plants, a systemic effect of the inoculated rhizosphere microbiomes on root invasion of P. penetrans was shown.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated microbiomes had a systemic effect on P. penetrans root invasion in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- inoculated rhizosphere microbiomese0
- Interactor
- P. penetransPratylenchus penetranse0pest
- Outcome
- systemic effect of the inoculated rhizosphere microbiomes on root invasion of P. penetranse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In split-root experiments with soybean and tomato plants, a systemic effect of the inoculated rhizosphere microbiomes on root invasion of P. penetrans was shown.”
Claim · model-written summary
maize rhizosphere microbiome increased root and shoot fresh weight of soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- maize rhizospheree0
- Outcome
- fresh weights of roots and shootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The microbiomes from maize rhizosphere and bulk soil increased the fresh weights of roots and shoots of soybean plants, and microbiomes from soybean rhizosphere and bulk soil increased the fresh weights of roots and shoots of tomato plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
bulk soil microbiome increased root and shoot fresh weight of soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- bulk soile0
- Outcome
- fresh weights of roots and shootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The microbiomes from maize rhizosphere and bulk soil increased the fresh weights of roots and shoots of soybean plants, and microbiomes from soybean rhizosphere and bulk soil increased the fresh weights of roots and shoots of tomato plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
soybean rhizosphere microbiome increased root and shoot fresh weight of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- soybean rhizospheree0
- Outcome
- fresh weights of roots and shootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The microbiomes from maize rhizosphere and bulk soil increased the fresh weights of roots and shoots of soybean plants, and microbiomes from soybean rhizosphere and bulk soil increased the fresh weights of roots and shoots of tomato plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
bulk soil microbiome increased root and shoot fresh weight of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- bulk soile0
- Outcome
- fresh weights of roots and shootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The microbiomes from maize rhizosphere and bulk soil increased the fresh weights of roots and shoots of soybean plants, and microbiomes from soybean rhizosphere and bulk soil increased the fresh weights of roots and shoots of tomato plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode invasion did not affect plant growth in short-term experiments.
- Taxon
- soybean and tomatoGlycine maxSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Qualifier
- short-term experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nematode invasion did not affect plant growth in these short-term experiments.”
e1“In split-root experiments with soybean and tomato plants”
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- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.