Abstract
Foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum) is a perennial grass increasing in prevalence in western Canadian cereal fields. Seedling, over-wintering-juvenile and mature stages makes herbicide timing and selection challenging for producers. Field experiments were conducted at six sites over two years to characterize the response of established seedling and mature foxtail barley populations to combinations of short residual herbicides applied PRE and POST seeding with glyphosate. Experiment one evaluated PRE short residual herbicides: Propoxycarbazone-sodium (2), flucarbazone-sodium/tribenuron and pyroxasulfone at rates of 7.5, 10, 21.79 and 150 g ai ha-1 respectively, tank-mixed with glyphosate at 450 and 900 g ae ha-1. Experiment two evaluated combinations of propoxycarbazone, flucarbazone/tribenuron and pyroxasulfone with the high rate of glyphosate followed by a POST application of thiencarbazone-methyl at 4.94 g ai ha-1. Foxtail barley seedling and mature populations varied among sites, Scott having the highest mature population at 76 mature plants m-2, while St. Albert had the highest seedling population at 81 seedlings m-2. Visual control, seedling emergence density, foxtail barley biomass, wheat biomass and wheat seed yield were quantified. Herbicides applied pre-seeding in the absence of glyphosate failed to control mature foxtail barley. However, propoxycarbazone at 10 g ai ha-1, flucarbazone/tribenuron and pyroxasulfone applied in combination with the high rate of glyphosate increased control to 73.9%, 72.1% and 74.4% at Lethbridge 2016, Olds and Scott, respectively. Moreover, at Lethbridge 2015, Vermilion and St. Albert control increased to 90.4%, 90.8% and 89.3%, respectively. Pyroxasulfone tank-mixed with the high and low rate of glyphosate reduced foxtail barley seedling emergence compared to rates of glyphosate applied alone (29 to 4 seedlings m-2). Glyphosate at both rates applied with and without residual herbicides reduced foxtail barley biomass compared to the non-treated check. However, the high rate of glyphosate did not significantly reduce foxtail barley biomass more than the low rate (49.91 to 27.45 g m-2). The addition of residual herbicides to the high rate of glyphosate did not increase wheat biomass or seed yield. Tank-mixing propoxycarbazone at 10 g ai ha-1 with the high rate of glyphosate followed by thiencarbazone reduced foxtail barely biomass compared to the high rate of glyphosate applied alone (28.67 to 4.53 g m-2). Seedling emergence was observed over an extended period in spring and post-harvest, suggesting that both pre-seeding and post-emergent control timings along with a multi-year strategy may be required to reduce future foxtail barley populations. This research indicates that by adding a short-residual soil applied herbicide to glyphosate at a pre-seeding timing, followed by a post-emergent herbicide application, producers can control foxtail barley for the growing season in spring wheat.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Foxtail barley seedling and mature populations varied among the field sites.
- Taxon
- Spring Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- Foxtail barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum jubatume1weed - Outcome
- seedling and mature populationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Control of Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Spring Wheat”
e1“Foxtail barley seedling and mature populations varied among sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Scott had the highest mature foxtail barley population, at 76 mature plants m-2.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Foxtail BarleyHordeum jubatumt0weed
- Outcome
- mature populatione2
- Value
- 76 mature plants m-2e2
- Setting
- Scotte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Spring Wheat”
e2“Scott having the highest mature population at 76 mature plants m-2”
Claim · model-written summary
St. Albert had the highest foxtail barley seedling population, at 81 seedlings m-2.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Foxtail BarleyHordeum jubatumt0weed
- Outcome
- seedling populatione3
- Value
- 81 seedlings m-2e3
- Setting
- St. Alberte3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Spring Wheat”
e3“St. Albert had the highest seedling population at 81 seedlings m-2”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides applied before seeding without glyphosate failed to control mature foxtail barley.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Herbicides applied pre-seedinge4
- Interactor
- foxtail barleyHordeum jubatume4weed
- Outcome
- control mature foxtail barleye4
- Direction
- failede4
- Qualifier
- in the absence of glyphosatee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Spring Wheat”
e4“Herbicides applied pre-seeding in the absence of glyphosate failed to control mature foxtail barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Propoxycarbazone at 10 g ai ha-1 with the high rate of glyphosate increased control of foxtail barley to 73.9% at Lethbridge 2016.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- propoxycarbazone at 10 g ai ha-1e5
- Interactor
- Foxtail BarleyHordeum jubatumt0weed
- Outcome
- controle5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 73.9%e5
- Qualifier
- applied in combination with the high rate of glyphosatee5
- Setting
- Lethbridge 2016e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Spring Wheat”
e5“propoxycarbazone at 10 g ai ha-1, flucarbazone/tribenuron and pyroxasulfone applied in combination with the high rate of glyphosate increased control to 73.9%, 72.1% and 74.4% at Lethbridge 2016, Olds and Scott, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Flucarbazone/tribenuron with the high rate of glyphosate increased control of foxtail barley to 72.1% at Olds.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- flucarbazone/tribenurone5
- Interactor
- Foxtail BarleyHordeum jubatumt0weed
- Outcome
- controle5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 72.1%e5
- Qualifier
- applied in combination with the high rate of glyphosatee5
- Setting
- Oldse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Spring Wheat”
e5“propoxycarbazone at 10 g ai ha-1, flucarbazone/tribenuron and pyroxasulfone applied in combination with the high rate of glyphosate increased control to 73.9%, 72.1% and 74.4% at Lethbridge 2016, Olds and Scott, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone with the high rate of glyphosate increased control of foxtail barley to 74.4% at Scott.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfonee5
- Interactor
- Foxtail BarleyHordeum jubatumt0weed
- Outcome
- controle5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 74.4%e5
- Qualifier
- applied in combination with the high rate of glyphosatee5
- Setting
- Scotte5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Spring Wheat”
e5“propoxycarbazone at 10 g ai ha-1, flucarbazone/tribenuron and pyroxasulfone applied in combination with the high rate of glyphosate increased control to 73.9%, 72.1% and 74.4% at Lethbridge 2016, Olds and Scott, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Control of foxtail barley increased to 90.4% at Lethbridge 2015.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Foxtail BarleyHordeum jubatumt0weed
- Outcome
- controle6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 90.4%e6
- Setting
- Lethbridge 2015e6
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Spring Wheat”
e6“at Lethbridge 2015, Vermilion and St. Albert control increased to 90.4%, 90.8% and 89.3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Control of foxtail barley increased to 90.8% at Vermilion.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Foxtail BarleyHordeum jubatumt0weed
- Outcome
- controle6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 90.8%e6
- Setting
- Vermilione6
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Spring Wheat”
e6“at Lethbridge 2015, Vermilion and St. Albert control increased to 90.4%, 90.8% and 89.3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Control of foxtail barley increased to 89.3% at St. Albert.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Foxtail BarleyHordeum jubatumt0weed
- Outcome
- controle6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 89.3%e6
- Setting
- St. Alberte6
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Spring Wheat”
e6“at Lethbridge 2015, Vermilion and St. Albert control increased to 90.4%, 90.8% and 89.3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone tank-mixed with the high and low rates of glyphosate reduced foxtail barley seedling emergence to 29 to 4 seedlings m-2, compared with glyphosate alone.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pyroxasulfone tank-mixed with the high and low rate of glyphosatee7
- Interactor
- foxtail barleyHordeum jubatume7weed
- Outcome
- foxtail barley seedling emergencee7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Value
- 29 to 4 seedlings m-2e7
- Comparator
- rates of glyphosate applied alonee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Spring Wheat”
e7“Pyroxasulfone tank-mixed with the high and low rate of glyphosate reduced foxtail barley seedling emergence compared to rates of glyphosate applied alone (29 to 4 seedlings m-2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at both rates, with or without residual herbicides, reduced foxtail barley biomass compared with the non-treated check.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate at both rates applied with and without residual herbicidese1
- Interactor
- foxtail barleyHordeum jubatume1weed
- Outcome
- foxtail barley biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- non-treated checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Spring Wheat”
e1“Glyphosate at both rates applied with and without residual herbicides reduced foxtail barley biomass compared to the non-treated check”
Claim · model-written summary
The high rate of glyphosate did not significantly reduce foxtail barley biomass more than the low rate, at 49.91 to 27.45 g m-2.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high rate of glyphosatee1
- Interactor
- foxtail barleyHordeum jubatume1weed
- Outcome
- foxtail barley biomasse1
- Direction
- did not significantly reducee1
- Value
- 49.91 to 27.45 g m-2e1
- Comparator
- the low ratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Spring Wheat”
e1“the high rate of glyphosate did not significantly reduce foxtail barley biomass more than the low rate (49.91 to 27.45 g m-2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding residual herbicides to the high rate of glyphosate did not increase wheat biomass or seed yield.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- addition of residual herbicides to the high rate of glyphosatee1
- Outcome
- wheat biomass or seed yielde1
- Direction
- did not increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Spring Wheat”
e1“The addition of residual herbicides to the high rate of glyphosate did not increase wheat biomass or seed yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Tank-mixing propoxycarbazone at 10 g ai ha-1 with the high rate of glyphosate, followed by thiencarbazone, reduced foxtail barley biomass to 28.67 to 4.53 g m-2 compared with the high rate of glyphosate alone.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Tank-mixing propoxycarbazone at 10 g ai ha-1 with the high rate of glyphosate followed by thiencarbazonee1
- Interactor
- Foxtail BarleyHordeum jubatumt0weed
- Outcome
- foxtail barely biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 28.67 to 4.53 g m-2e1
- Comparator
- the high rate of glyphosate applied alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Spring Wheat”
e1“Tank-mixing propoxycarbazone at 10 g ai ha-1 with the high rate of glyphosate followed by thiencarbazone reduced foxtail barely biomass compared to the high rate of glyphosate applied alone (28.67 to 4.53 g m-2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foxtail barley seedling emergence was observed over an extended period in spring and post-harvest.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Foxtail BarleyHordeum jubatumt0weed
- Outcome
- Seedling emergencee1
- Setting
- spring and post-harveste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Spring Wheat”
e1“Seedling emergence was observed over an extended period in spring and post-harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-seeding and post-emergent control timings with a multi-year strategy may be required to reduce future foxtail barley populations.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pre-seeding and post-emergent control timings along with a multi-year strategye1
- Interactor
- foxtail barleyHordeum jubatume1weed
- Outcome
- reduce future foxtail barley populationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Spring Wheat”
e1“both pre-seeding and post-emergent control timings along with a multi-year strategy may be required to reduce future foxtail barley populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding a short-residual soil-applied herbicide to glyphosate at pre-seeding, followed by a post-emergent herbicide, lets producers control foxtail barley for the growing season in spring wheat.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- adding a short-residual soil applied herbicide to glyphosate at a pre-seeding timing, followed by a post-emergent herbicide applicatione1
- Interactor
- foxtail barleyHordeum jubatume1weed
- Outcome
- control foxtail barley for the growing seasone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“adding a short-residual soil applied herbicide to glyphosate at a pre-seeding timing, followed by a post-emergent herbicide application, producers can control foxtail barley for the growing season in spring wheat”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
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1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
herbicide · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
96 papers in the same direction as this paper · 466 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 563 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.