Abstract
Foliar application of 2.8 μg/plant of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] to greenhouse grown sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ‘Tophand’] seedlings resulted in increased fresh weight. As glyphosate levels were increased to 11.2 μg/plant, diameter of the basal growth zone increased while fresh weight decreased. In growth chamber studies with sorghum and wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L.) ‘Era’] seedlings, glyphosate caused the greatest reduction in fresh weight at the optimum growth temperatures for both species. Glyphosate inhibited normal production of basal buds in wheat at the optimum growth temperature and stimulated bud production at temperatures above the optimum. Under normal growth conditions, basal buds in sorghum do not develop; however, application of glyphosate stimulated basal bud development under normal and above-normal temperature conditions. Histochemical analysis of malate dehydrogenase activity in apical meristem tissue of treated sorghum seedlings indicated that growth of the apex was normal and viable.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 2.8 μg/plant increased sorghum seedling fresh weight.
- Material
- Tophande0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- 2.8 μg/plant of glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of 2.8 μg/plant of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] to greenhouse grown sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ‘Tophand’] seedlings resulted in increased fresh weight.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 11.2 μg/plant glyphosate, sorghum diameter of the basal growth zone increased.
- Treatment
- glyphosate levels were increased to 11.2 μg/plante0
- Outcome
- diameter of the basal growth zonee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As glyphosate levels were increased to 11.2 μg/plant, diameter of the basal growth zone increased while fresh weight decreased.”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
At 11.2 μg/plant glyphosate, sorghum fresh weight decreased.
- Treatment
- glyphosate levels were increased to 11.2 μg/plante0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As glyphosate levels were increased to 11.2 μg/plant, diameter of the basal growth zone increased while fresh weight decreased.”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate caused the greatest fresh weight reduction in sorghum at its optimum growth temperature.
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- optimum growth temperaturese0
- Setting
- growth chambere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In growth chamber studies with sorghum and wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L.) ‘Era’] seedlings, glyphosate caused the greatest reduction in fresh weight at the optimum growth temperatures for both species.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate caused the greatest fresh weight reduction in wheat at its optimum growth temperature.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Erae0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- optimum growth temperaturese0
- Setting
- growth chambere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In growth chamber studies with sorghum and wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L.) ‘Era’] seedlings, glyphosate caused the greatest reduction in fresh weight at the optimum growth temperatures for both species.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate inhibited wheat basal bud production at optimum growth temperature.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- normal production of basal budse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- optimum growth temperaturee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate inhibited normal production of basal buds in wheat at the optimum growth temperature and stimulated bud production at temperatures above the optimum.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate stimulated wheat basal bud production at temperatures above the optimum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- bud productione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- temperatures above the optimume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate inhibited normal production of basal buds in wheat at the optimum growth temperature and stimulated bud production at temperatures above the optimum.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate stimulated sorghum basal bud development under normal and above-normal temperatures.
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- basal bud developmente0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- normal and above-normal temperature conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of glyphosate stimulated basal bud development under normal and above-normal temperature conditions.”
e1“basal buds in sorghum do not develop”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
The apex of glyphosate-treated sorghum seedlings remained normal and viable.
- Organ / stage
- apical meristem tissuee1
- Treatment
- treatede1
- Gene
- malate dehydrogenasee1
- Outcome
- growth of the apex was normal and viablee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth of the apex was normal and viable”
e1“malate dehydrogenase activity in apical meristem tissue of treated sorghum seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
22 papers more in this group
See all 26 papers →glyphosate · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
33 papers more in this group
See all 37 papers →glyphosate · growth · SorghumPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.