Abstract
In this study, we performed the first comparative proteomic analysis of wheat flag leaves and developing grains in response to drought stress. Drought stress caused a significant decrease in several important physiological and biochemical parameters and grain yield traits, particularly those related to photosynthesis and starch biosynthesis. In contrast, some key indicators related to drought stress were significantly increased, including malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, proline, glycine betaine, abscisic acid content, and peroxidase activity. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) identified 87 and 132 differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spots representing 66 and 105 unique proteins following exposure to drought stress in flag leaves and developing grains, respectively. The proteomes of the two organs varied markedly, and most DAPS were related to the oxidative stress response, photosynthesis and energy metabolism, and starch biosynthesis. In particular, DAPs in flag leaves mainly participated in photosynthesis while those in developing grains were primarily involved in carbon metabolism and the drought stress response. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) further validated some key DAPs such as rubisco large subunit (RBSCL), ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), chaperonin 60 subunit alpha (CPN-60 alpha) and oxalate oxidase 2 (OxO 2). The potential functions of the identified DAPs revealed that a complex network synergistically regulates drought resistance during grain development. Our results from proteome perspective provide new insight into the molecular regulatory mechanisms used by different wheat organs to respond to drought stress.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly decreased photosynthesis-related parameters.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in several important physiological and biochemical parameters and grain yield traits, particularly those related to photosynthesis and starch biosynthesis.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly decreased starch biosynthesis-related parameters.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- starch biosynthesise0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in several important physiological and biochemical parameters and grain yield traits, particularly those related to photosynthesis and starch biosynthesis.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly decreased grain yield traits.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- grain yield traitse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in several important physiological and biochemical parameters and grain yield traits, particularly those related to photosynthesis and starch biosynthesis.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly increased malondialdehyde.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- malondialdehydee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some key indicators related to drought stress were significantly increased, including malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, proline, glycine betaine, abscisic acid content, and peroxidase activity.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly increased soluble sugar.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- soluble sugare0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some key indicators related to drought stress were significantly increased, including malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, proline, glycine betaine, abscisic acid content, and peroxidase activity.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly increased proline.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some key indicators related to drought stress were significantly increased, including malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, proline, glycine betaine, abscisic acid content, and peroxidase activity.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly increased glycine betaine.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- glycine betainee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some key indicators related to drought stress were significantly increased, including malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, proline, glycine betaine, abscisic acid content, and peroxidase activity.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly increased abscisic acid content.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some key indicators related to drought stress were significantly increased, including malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, proline, glycine betaine, abscisic acid content, and peroxidase activity.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly increased peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some key indicators related to drought stress were significantly increased, including malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, proline, glycine betaine, abscisic acid content, and peroxidase activity.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought altered 87 protein spots representing 66 proteins in flag leaves.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- flag leavese0
- Outcome
- differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spotse0
- Value
- 87e0
- Qualifier
- 66e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identified 87 and 132 differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spots representing 66 and 105 unique proteins following exposure to drought stress in flag leaves and developing grains, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought altered 132 protein spots representing 105 proteins in developing grains.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- developing grainse0
- Outcome
- differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spotse0
- Value
- 132e0
- Qualifier
- 105 unique proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identified 87 and 132 differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spots representing 66 and 105 unique proteins following exposure to drought stress in flag leaves and developing grains, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The two wheat organs had markedly different proteomes.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- proteomes of the two organs varied markedlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The proteomes of the two organs varied markedly”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Most differential proteins were related to oxidative stress, photosynthesis, energy metabolism, and starch biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- DAPS were related to the oxidative stress response, photosynthesis and energy metabolism, and starch biosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most DAPS were related to the oxidative stress response, photosynthesis and energy metabolism, and starch biosynthesis”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Flag-leaf differential proteins mainly participated in photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- flag leavese0
- Outcome
- participated in photosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DAPs in flag leaves mainly participated in photosynthesis”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Developing-grain differential proteins primarily related to carbon metabolism and drought response.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- developing grainse0
- Outcome
- involved in carbon metabolism and the drought stress responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those in developing grains were primarily involved in carbon metabolism and the drought stress response”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Western blotting and qRT-PCR validated selected differential proteins.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- validated some key DAPse0
- Value
- some key DAPse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) further validated some key DAPs such as rubisco large subunit (RBSCL), ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), chaperonin 60 subunit alpha (CPN-60 alpha) and oxalate oxidase 2 (OxO 2).”
t0“Wheat”
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