Abstract
[Objective] Wheat grain yield mainly comes from the accumulation and redistribution of the material after anthesis, the objectives of this study were to assess the contribution of pre- and post-anthesis dry matter, fertilizer nitrogen (N) and soil native N assimilation to grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). [Method] Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of seeding rates (150, 225 and 300 seeds m−2) at three N rates (0, 150, 225 kg N ha−1) on accumulation and remobilization of dry matter and N from different sources, and grain yield from 2008 to 2010. The experiment sites were located in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Basin in China. A 15N micro-plot experiment was designed with the three seeding rates at rate of 150 and 225 kg N ha−1. [Results] The grain yield increased at higher N rate (225 kg N ha−1) and the optimum seeding rate (225 seeds m−2), and yield differences mainly depended on the number of spikes per unit area and were positively correlated with leaf area index. The higher N rate and seeding rate increased post-anthesis remobilisation amount of organic matter from leaves and stems and accumulation amount in grain that helped improve grain yield, but decreased remobilization efficiency and the contribution of remobilized dry matter to grain yield. Both post-anthesis N accumulation and remobilization of N from the different sources increased with increasing N rate and seeding rate. For fertilizer N, remobilization efficiency and the contribution of remobilized N to grain increased with increasing N rate and seeding rate, whereas for soil N, remobilization efficiency and contribution of N remobilization to grain N (CNRG) decreased. Fertilizer N remobilized to grain more easily than soil N, and top-dressed N remobilized to grain more easily than basal N. The correlation showed increasing remobilization of fertilizer N and post-anthesis accumulation of soil N were beneficial to improving grain yield. [Conclusion] In conclusion, for higher grain yield and nitrogen recovery, combining N fertilization at 225 kg N ha−1 with seeding rate at 225 seeds m−2 was recommended to wheat management in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Basin.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield increased at 225 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- 225 kg N ha−1e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“grain yield increased at higher N rate (225 kg N ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield increased at 225 seeds m−2.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 225 seeds m−2e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“the optimum seeding rate (225 seeds m−2)”
e2“The grain yield increased at higher N rate (225 kg N ha−1) and the optimum seeding rate (225 seeds m−2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield differences mainly depended on spike number per unit area.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- spikese1
- Outcome
- yield differencese1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“yield differences mainly depended on the number of spikes per unit area”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield was positively correlated with leaf area index.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Outcome
- yield differencese1
- Direction
- positively correlatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“yield differences mainly depended on the number of spikes per unit area and were positively correlated with leaf area index”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher N and seeding rates increased post anthesis organic matter remobilization from leaves and stems.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and stemse1
- Treatment
- higher N rate and seeding ratee1
- Outcome
- post-anthesis remobilisation amount of organic mattere1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“The higher N rate and seeding rate increased post-anthesis remobilisation amount of organic matter from leaves and stems”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher N and seeding rates increased organic matter accumulation in grain.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- higher N rate and seeding ratee1
- Outcome
- accumulation amount in graine1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“The higher N rate and seeding rate increased post-anthesis remobilisation amount of organic matter from leaves and stems and accumulation amount in grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher N and seeding rates decreased dry matter remobilization efficiency.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- higher N rate and seeding ratee1
- Outcome
- remobilization efficiencye1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“The higher N rate and seeding rate increased post-anthesis remobilisation amount of organic matter from leaves and stems and accumulation amount in grain that helped improve grain yield, but decreased remobilization efficiency and the contribution of remobilized dry matter to grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher N and seeding rates decreased the contribution of remobilized dry matter to yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- higher N rate and seeding ratee1
- Outcome
- contribution of remobilized dry matter to grain yielde1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“The higher N rate and seeding rate increased post-anthesis remobilisation amount of organic matter from leaves and stems and accumulation amount in grain that helped improve grain yield, but decreased remobilization efficiency and the contribution of remobilized dry matter to grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Post anthesis N accumulation increased with N and seeding rates.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increasing N rate and seeding ratee1
- Outcome
- post-anthesis N accumulatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Both post-anthesis N accumulation and remobilization of N from the different sources increased with increasing N rate and seeding rate”
Claim · model-written summary
N remobilization increased with N and seeding rates.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increasing N rate and seeding ratee1
- Outcome
- remobilization of N from the different sourcese1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Both post-anthesis N accumulation and remobilization of N from the different sources increased with increasing N rate and seeding rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer N remobilization efficiency increased with N and seeding rates.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increasing N rate and seeding ratee1
- Outcome
- remobilization efficiencye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- fertilizer Ne1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“For fertilizer N, remobilization efficiency and the contribution of remobilized N to grain increased with increasing N rate and seeding rate”
Claim · model-written summary
The contribution of remobilized fertilizer N to grain increased with N and seeding rates.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increasing N rate and seeding ratee1
- Outcome
- contribution of remobilized N to graine1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- fertilizer Ne1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“For fertilizer N, remobilization efficiency and the contribution of remobilized N to grain increased with increasing N rate and seeding rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer N remobilized to grain more easily than soil N.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- N remobilized to graine1
- Direction
- more easilye1
- Comparator
- soil Ne1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Fertilizer N remobilized to grain more easily than soil N”
Claim · model-written summary
Top dressed N remobilized to grain more easily than basal N.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- N remobilized to graine1
- Direction
- more easilye1
- Comparator
- basal Ne1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“top-dressed N remobilized to grain more easily than basal N”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater fertilizer N remobilization correlated with improved grain yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- fertilizer Ne1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- improvinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“increasing remobilization of fertilizer N and post-anthesis accumulation of soil N were beneficial to improving grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater post anthesis soil N accumulation correlated with improved grain yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- soil Ne1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- improvinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“increasing remobilization of fertilizer N and post-anthesis accumulation of soil N were beneficial to improving grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 225 kg N ha−1 and 225 seeds m−2 for greater yield and N recovery.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- combining N fertilization at 225 kg N ha−1 with seeding rate at 225 seeds m−2e1
- Setting
- Middle and Lower Yangtze River Basine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“for higher grain yield and nitrogen recovery, combining N fertilization at 225 kg N ha−1 with seeding rate at 225 seeds m−2 was recommended to wheat management in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Basin”
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