Abstract
Photoradiation plays a major role in plant growth processes, especially photosynthesis and nutrient uptake. Light intensity and photoperiod affect temperature and caused more transpiration in plants, which influences nutrient uptake. This study aimed to examine the effects of photoradiation on the growth and K, Ca, and Mg uptake of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Lettuce was hydroponically grown in a walk-in growth chamber, and the experiment was performed using eight treatments with eight replications. A combination of eight fluorescent lamps was used to provide a photon flux density of 128±20 umole m-2 s-1 for 15/15 minutes, 45/15 minutes, 345/15+15/15 minutes of black UV, and 345/15+15/45 minutes of black UV of light/dark periods. A combination of ten fluorescent lamps was used to provide a photon flux density of 194±28 umole m-2 s-1 for 30/30 minutes, 15/15 minutes, and 45/15 minutes of light/dark periods and 24 hours of light period. Continuous illumination with higher light intensity gave the greatest shoot fresh weight, plant height and number of leaves. Whereas a shorter photoperiod and lower light intensity gave the lowest shoot fresh weight. Shortened UV light radiation gave better result in lettuce growth performance such as shoot fresh weight, plant height and number of leaves. UV light also damaged the lettuce leaves. The leaves turned brown (brown spot) at the tip of the old leaves. Molar concentrations of K, Ca and Mg in the lettuce leaves were in the order of K > Ca > Mg for all of the treatments. The steep gradient and highest K accumulation at bottom leaves were found at lower light intensity and short photoperiod (15/15 minutes of light/dark). Extended photoperiod improved K and Ca movement and reduced K and Ca accumulation in the bottom leaves. High K in the leaves reduced Ca uptake. Continuous illumination with higher light intensity resulted in the lowest concentrations of K, Ca and Mg. The mole ratio of K/Ca decreased from the top to bottom leaves, whereas the mole ratio of K/Mg tended to be stable except in the treatment with lower light intensity and short photoperoid. The best growth performance was found in the treatment with consistent K/Ca ratio.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous illumination with higher light intensity gave the greatest shoot fresh weight, plant height and number of leaves in hydroponic lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- Continuous illumination with higher light intensitye1
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weight, plant height and number of leavese1
- Direction
- greateste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e1“Continuous illumination with higher light intensity gave the greatest shoot fresh weight, plant height and number of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
A shorter photoperiod and lower light intensity gave the lowest shoot fresh weight in lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- a shorter photoperiod and lower light intensitye1
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte1
- Direction
- loweste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e1“a shorter photoperiod and lower light intensity gave the lowest shoot fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Shortened UV light radiation gave better lettuce growth performance in shoot fresh weight, plant height and number of leaves.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Shortened UV light radiatione1
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weight, plant height and number of leavese1
- Direction
- bettere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e1“Shortened UV light radiation gave better result in lettuce growth performance such as shoot fresh weight, plant height and number of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
UV light damaged lettuce leaves, with browning (brown spot) at the tip of old leaves.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Organ / stage
- old leavese1
- Treatment
- UV lighte1
- Outcome
- damaged the lettuce leavese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e1“UV light also damaged the lettuce leaves. The leaves turned brown (brown spot) at the tip of the old leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Molar concentrations of K, Ca and Mg in lettuce leaves were in the order K > Ca > Mg for all treatments.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Outcome
- Molar concentrations of K, Ca and Mge1
- Qualifier
- K > Ca > Mg for all of the treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e1“Molar concentrations of K, Ca and Mg in the lettuce leaves were in the order of K > Ca > Mg for all of the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The steep gradient and highest K accumulation in bottom leaves occurred at lower light intensity and short photoperiod (15/15 minutes light/dark).
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Organ / stage
- bottom leavese1
- Treatment
- lower light intensity and short photoperiod (15/15 minutes of light/dark)e1
- Outcome
- highest K accumulation at bottom leavese1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e1“The steep gradient and highest K accumulation at bottom leaves were found at lower light intensity and short photoperiod (15/15 minutes of light/dark)”
Claim · model-written summary
Extended photoperiod improved K and Ca movement in lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Extended photoperiode1
- Outcome
- K and Ca movemente1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e1“Extended photoperiod improved K and Ca movement and reduced K and Ca accumulation in the bottom leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Extended photoperiod reduced K and Ca accumulation in the bottom leaves of lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Organ / stage
- bottom leavese1
- Treatment
- Extended photoperiode1
- Outcome
- K and Ca accumulation in the bottom leavese1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e1“Extended photoperiod improved K and Ca movement and reduced K and Ca accumulation in the bottom leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
High K in the leaves was associated with reduced Ca uptake in lettuce.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e1“High K in the leaves reduced Ca uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous illumination with higher light intensity resulted in the lowest concentrations of K, Ca and Mg in lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Continuous illumination with higher light intensitye1
- Outcome
- concentrations of K, Ca and Mge1
- Direction
- loweste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e1“Continuous illumination with higher light intensity resulted in the lowest concentrations of K, Ca and Mg”
Claim · model-written summary
The mole ratio of K/Ca in lettuce decreased from the top to bottom leaves.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Organ / stage
- top to bottom leavese1
- Outcome
- mole ratio of K/Cae1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e1“the mole ratio of K/Ca decreased from the top to bottom leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The mole ratio of K/Mg in lettuce tended to be stable, except in the lower light intensity and short photoperiod treatment.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Outcome
- mole ratio of K/Mge1
- Direction
- stablee1
- Qualifier
- except in the treatment with lower light intensity and short photoperoide1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e1“the mole ratio of K/Mg tended to be stable except in the treatment with lower light intensity and short photoperoid”
Claim · model-written summary
The best lettuce growth performance was found in the treatment with a consistent K/Ca ratio.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Outcome
- best growth performancee1
- Qualifier
- treatment with consistent K/Ca ratioe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
e1“The best growth performance was found in the treatment with consistent K/Ca ratio”
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