Abstract
Abstract. The microclimate and cucumber crop response in a screenhouse and in an evaporatively cooled greenhouse were studied in Oman during winter/spring and spring/summer cultivation periods. Measurements were carried out in two similarly shaped structures: (1) a greenhouse equipped with a pad-and-fan system for evaporative cooling of the greenhouse environment and (2) a screenhouse with no cooling system. Analysis of the spring/summer period climate data showed that the evaporative cooling in the greenhouse reduced the mean air temperature by about 4.5°C compared to outside and maintained the leaf temperature close to the greenhouse air temperature. The 24 h mean leaf and air temperatures in the greenhouse reached 25.8°C ±1.3°C and 25.9°C ±0.8°C, respectively. On the other hand, the 24 h mean leaf and air temperatures in the screenhouse were higher by 1.0°C and 1.3°C, respectively, compared to outside. The 24 h mean leaf and air temperatures in the screenhouse reached 32.8°C ±1.2°C and 31.8°C ±1.5°C, respectively. Furthermore, the evaporative cooling in the greenhouse maintained the 24 h mean air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) values at levels lower than 1.1 kPa, while the 24 h mean air VPD in the screenhouse reached values up to 4.5 kPa. These differences resulted in a 50% decrease in crop fruit yield during the spring/summer period. The radiation and water use efficiency (WUE) values observed in the two structures were similar during the winter/spring period but were higher in the greenhouse during the spring/summer period. However, for the greenhouse, when the water evaporated in the wet pad was also considered, the overall WUE was at the same level in both structures during summer. Furthermore, the evaporative cooling applied in the greenhouse enhanced the mean values of fruit quality characteristics measured during the spring/summer, such as fruit dry matter content (5.6%), fruit firmness (5.0 kg cm -2 ), and chroma (18.6), compared to that of the screenhouse (5.0%, 4.9 kg cm -2 and 16.3, respectively), but did not significantly affect other fruit quality characteristics, such as mean fruit weight (128 g for greenhouse and 123 g for screenhouse), total soluble solids content (3.9 °Brix for both structures), and juice pH (5.7 for greenhouse and 5.6 for screenhouse). Overall, it can be concluded that under the weather conditions of Oman, although greenhouses are still needed during spring/summer, screenhouses can be used during winter without jeopardizing crop production quantity and quality. Keywords: Evaporative cooling, Evapotranspiration, Radiation use efficiency, Water user efficiency. Total water use efficiency, Climate.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Cooling reduced greenhouse air temperature by about 4.5°C relative to outside.
- Taxon
- Cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- evaporative coolinge0
- Outcome
- mean air temperaturee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 4.5°Ce0
- Comparator
- outsidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaporative cooling in the greenhouse reduced the mean air temperature by about 4.5°C compared to outside”
t0“Cucumber Fruit Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Cooling kept leaf temperature close to greenhouse air temperature.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- leaf temperaturee0
- Comparator
- greenhouse air temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maintained the leaf temperature close to the greenhouse air temperature”
t0“Cucumber Fruit Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Greenhouse leaf and air temperatures reached 25.8°C and 25.9°C, respectively.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- 24 h mean leaf and air temperaturese0
- Value
- 25.8°C ±1.3°C and 25.9°C ±0.8°Ce0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 24 h mean leaf and air temperatures in the greenhouse reached 25.8°C ±1.3°C and 25.9°C ±0.8°C, respectively”
t0“Cucumber Fruit Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Screenhouse leaf and air temperatures were higher than outside by 1.0°C and 1.3°C.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- 24 h mean leaf and air temperaturese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.0°C and 1.3°Ce0
- Comparator
- outsidee0
- Setting
- screenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 24 h mean leaf and air temperatures in the screenhouse were higher by 1.0°C and 1.3°C, respectively, compared to outside”
t0“Cucumber Fruit Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Screenhouse mean leaf and air temperatures reached 32.8°C and 31.8°C.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- 24 h mean leaf and air temperaturese0
- Value
- 32.8°C ±1.2°C and 31.8°C ±1.5°Ce0
- Setting
- screenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 24 h mean leaf and air temperatures in the screenhouse reached 32.8°C ±1.2°C and 31.8°C ±1.5°C, respectively”
t0“Cucumber Fruit Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Greenhouse air VPD remained below 1.1 kPa with cooling.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- evaporative coolinge0
- Outcome
- 24 h mean air vapor pressure deficit (VPD)e0
- Value
- 1.1 kPae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaporative cooling in the greenhouse maintained the 24 h mean air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) values at levels lower than 1.1 kPa”
t0“Cucumber Fruit Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Screenhouse mean air VPD reached 4.5 kPa.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- 24 h mean air VPDe0
- Value
- 4.5 kPae0
- Setting
- screenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 24 h mean air VPD in the screenhouse reached values up to 4.5 kPa”
t0“Cucumber Fruit Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The screenhouse climate corresponded to a 50% decrease in cucumber fruit yield during spring/summer.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- crop fruit yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Qualifier
- spring/summer periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These differences resulted in a 50% decrease in crop fruit yield during the spring/summer period”
t0“Cucumber Fruit Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Radiation use efficiency was similar between structures in winter/spring and higher in the greenhouse in spring/summer.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- radiation and water use efficiency (WUE) valuese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The radiation and water use efficiency (WUE) values observed in the two structures were similar during the winter/spring period but were higher in the greenhouse during the spring/summer period”
t0“Cucumber Fruit Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall summer WUE was equal between structures after including wet-pad evaporation.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- overall WUEe0
- Direction
- same levele0
- Qualifier
- water evaporated in the wet pade0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when the water evaporated in the wet pad was also considered, the overall WUE was at the same level in both structures during summer”
t0“Cucumber Fruit Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Cooling improved fruit dry matter content relative to the screenhouse.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- evaporative coolinge1
- Outcome
- fruit dry matter contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 5.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced the mean values of fruit quality characteristics measured during the spring/summer, such as fruit dry matter content (5.6%)”
t0“Cucumber Fruit Yield”
e1“the evaporative cooling applied in the greenhouse”
Claim · model-written summary
Cooling improved fruit firmness and chroma in spring/summer.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust1
- Treatment
- evaporative coolinge1
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse0
- Value
- 5.0 kg cm -2e0
- Comparator
- screenhousee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit firmness (5.0 kg cm -2 ), and chroma (18.6), compared to that of the screenhouse (5.0%, 4.9 kg cm -2 and 16.3, respectively)”
t0“Evaporatively Cooled Greenhouse”
e1“the evaporative cooling applied in the greenhouse”
t1“Cucumber Fruit Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Cooling did not significantly affect fruit weight, soluble solids, or juice pH.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust1
- Treatment
- evaporative coolinge1
- Outcome
- mean fruit weighte0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
- Comparator
- screenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not significantly affect other fruit quality characteristics, such as mean fruit weight (128 g for greenhouse and 123 g for screenhouse), total soluble solids content (3.9 °Brix for both structures), and juice pH (5.7 for greenhouse and 5.6 for screenhouse)”
t0“Evaporatively Cooled Greenhouse in a Semi-Arid Location”
e1“the evaporative cooling applied in the greenhouse”
t1“Cucumber Fruit Yield”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.