Abstract
To test the possibility that using appropriate rootstocks could improve the tolerance of watermelon to cadmium (Cd) toxicity, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine growth and antioxidant activities of watermelons, either nongrafted or grafted onto summer squash and winter squash. We provided nutrient solutions having four levels (0, 50, 100, and 200 μM) of cadmium to treat the plants. Shoot and root biomass reduction were significantly lower in summer squash rootstock-grafted watermelon than winter squash rootstock-grafted and nongrafted watermelons. Cadmium induced a smaller decrease in leaf area index in grafted watermelons compared with nongrafted plants. The Cd- related reductions in chlorophyll content and efficiency of photosynthesis were more severe in nongrafted watermelons compared with dose grafted onto summer squash. Cd accumulation in shoot at the highest dose (200 µM) of CdCl2 was significantly lower (19.76 mg/kg) in summer squash rootstock-grafted watermelon compared with winter squash rootstock-grafted (37.58 mg/kg) and nongrafted watermelon (72.12 mg/kg). H2O2, MDA production and electrolyte leakage of summer squash rootstock-grafted watermelon showed less increase, which was associated with a significant increase in the activities of antioxidant. The improved crop performance of grafted watermelons was attributed to their strong capacity to inhibit Cd accumulation in the aerial parts.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Summer squash grafting reduced cadmium-related shoot and root biomass losses relative to winter squash and ungrafted watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Treatment
- summer squash rootstock-graftede0
- Outcome
- Shoot and root biomass reductione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- winter squash rootstock-grafted and nongrafted watermelonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot and root biomass reduction were significantly lower in summer squash rootstock-grafted watermelon than winter squash rootstock-grafted and nongrafted watermelons.”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting reduced the cadmium-induced decrease in leaf area index.
- Taxon
- watermelonsCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- graftede0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- smaller decreasee0
- Comparator
- nongrafted plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium induced a smaller decrease in leaf area index in grafted watermelons compared with nongrafted plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium-related chlorophyll decline was less severe with summer squash grafting than without grafting.
- Taxon
- watermelonsCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- grafted onto summer squashe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- more severee0
- Comparator
- nongrafted watermelonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Cd- related reductions in chlorophyll content and efficiency of photosynthesis were more severe in nongrafted watermelons compared with dose grafted onto summer squash.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium-related photosynthetic efficiency decline was less severe with summer squash grafting than without grafting.
- Taxon
- watermelonsCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- grafted onto summer squashe0
- Outcome
- efficiency of photosynthesise0
- Direction
- more severee0
- Comparator
- nongrafted watermelonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Cd- related reductions in chlorophyll content and efficiency of photosynthesis were more severe in nongrafted watermelons compared with dose grafted onto summer squash.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 µM CdCl2, summer squash grafted watermelon had shoot Cd accumulation of 19.76 mg/kg, lower than winter squash grafted watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- summer squash rootstock-graftede0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation in shoote0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 19.76 mg/kge0
- Qualifier
- 200 µMe0
- Comparator
- winter squash rootstock-graftede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd accumulation in shoot at the highest dose (200 µM) of CdCl2 was significantly lower (19.76 mg/kg) in summer squash rootstock-grafted watermelon compared with winter squash rootstock-grafted (37.58 mg/kg) and nongrafted watermelon (72.12 mg/kg).”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 µM CdCl2, summer squash grafted watermelon had lower shoot Cd than ungrafted watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- summer squash rootstock-graftede0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation in shoote0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 19.76 mg/kge0
- Qualifier
- 200 µMe0
- Comparator
- nongrafted watermelone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd accumulation in shoot at the highest dose (200 µM) of CdCl2 was significantly lower (19.76 mg/kg) in summer squash rootstock-grafted watermelon compared with winter squash rootstock-grafted (37.58 mg/kg) and nongrafted watermelon (72.12 mg/kg).”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer squash grafted watermelon had smaller increases in H2O2, MDA production and electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- summer squash rootstock-graftede0
- Outcome
- H2O2, MDA production and electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- less increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H2O2, MDA production and electrolyte leakage of summer squash rootstock-grafted watermelon showed less increase, which was associated with a significant increase in the activities of antioxidant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer squash grafted watermelon had significantly increased antioxidant activities.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- summer squash rootstock-graftede0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidante0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H2O2, MDA production and electrolyte leakage of summer squash rootstock-grafted watermelon showed less increase, which was associated with a significant increase in the activities of antioxidant.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute improved grafted watermelon performance to inhibited shoot Cd accumulation.
- Taxon
- watermelonsCitrullus lanatuse0
- Outcome
- improved crop performancee0
- Qualifier
- inhibit Cd accumulation in the aerial partse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The improved crop performance of grafted watermelons was attributed to their strong capacity to inhibit Cd accumulation in the aerial parts.”
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