Abstract
Mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important cash pulse crop extensively cultivated in the arid region of Pakistan, which encounters intimidating charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. The current research was conducted to check the potential of Zn (1.25, 2.44 and 5 mg kg−1) and FYM [farmyard manure (1% and 2%)] in mono-, bi- and trilateral interaction in managing disease and improving yield. Suppression of plant immunity by M. phaseolina was indicated by the change in activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and SOD) and cell wall strengthening enzymes (POX and PAL) that revealed inability of the protein receptor to identify the pathogen elicitor. FYM improved soil physicochemical properties and beneficial microbes activity, which released antimicrobial protein- and plant defense-stimulating protein and in response to ROS (reactive oxygen species) signaling molecules plant susceptibility was reduced. However, Zn as a co-factor chastened the ROS in stressed cells by upregulation of antioxidant enzymes in favor of the plant. The complex interaction of FYM and Zn potentially hijacked the further multiplication of pathogen. Finally, soil amendment improved biological attributes and grain yield to profitable farming in terms of harvest index percentage and benefit–cost ratio.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Macrophomina phaseolina suppressed mung bean immunity, indicated by altered CAT, SOD, POX, and PAL activity.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Interactor
- M. phaseolina
Macrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen - Gene
- CAT and SODe0
- Outcome
- Suppression of plant immunitye0
- Qualifier
- change in activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and SOD) and cell wall strengthening enzymes (POX and PAL)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Suppression of plant immunity by M. phaseolina was indicated by the change in activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and SOD) and cell wall strengthening enzymes (POX and PAL)”
t0“Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM improved soil physicochemical properties.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- FYMe0
- Outcome
- soil physicochemical propertiese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FYM improved soil physicochemical properties”
t0“Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM improved beneficial microbe activity.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- FYMe0
- Outcome
- beneficial microbes activitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FYM improved soil physicochemical properties and beneficial microbes activity”
t0“Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM-associated defenses reduced plant susceptibility.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- plant susceptibility was reducede0
- Qualifier
- plant defense-stimulating protein and in response to ROS (reactive oxygen species) signaling moleculese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant defense-stimulating protein and in response to ROS (reactive oxygen species) signaling molecules plant susceptibility was reduced”
t0“Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc upregulated antioxidant enzymes in stressed plant cells.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Zne0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn as a co-factor chastened the ROS in stressed cells by upregulation of antioxidant enzymes in favor of the plant”
t0“Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM and zinc together potentially curtailed pathogen multiplication.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- FYM and Zne0
- Outcome
- multiplication of pathogene0
- Direction
- hijackede0
- Qualifier
- potentiallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The complex interaction of FYM and Zn potentially hijacked the further multiplication of pathogen”
t0“Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendment improved biological attributes.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- soil amendmente0
- Outcome
- biological attributese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil amendment improved biological attributes and grain yield”
t0“Vigna radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendment improved grain yield.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- soil amendmente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil amendment improved biological attributes and grain yield”
t0“Vigna radiata”
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