Abstract
An experiment was carried out in eastern sub-Himalayan plains of India to assess the performances of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under various crop establishment techniques and to find out the influence of mulching and irrigation on productivity, moisture use and profitability of wheat cultivation. Results indicated the superiority of bed planting (BP) in terms of biomass production and grain yield over zero tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT). Significantly higher biomass was recorded under bed planting (BP) over that under conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT). Grain yield was increased by 13 and 16.9% under BP over that under CT during 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively. Grain yield increased significantly under mulch treated plots over that under non-mulched plots, irrespective of irrigation levels. Least water use with higher water use efficiency and water productivity were measured under BP. Under all three crop establishment techniques, contribution of top 0-15 cm layer was maximum towards total moisture use by the crop where straw mulch was used. While in non-mulch treatment, there was no definite trend in moisture extraction pattern as contributed by various layers. However, increase in number of irrigation further increased the moisture availability in top 0-15 cm soil layer. The maximum benefit-cost (B: C) ratio (2.68) was recorded under BP with mulching and three irrigations. It was revealed that BP along with paddy straw mulching @ 4 t/ha and three irrigations is a good option for the wheat farmers of the Eastern sub-Himalayan plains in terms of productivity, water use and profitability.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Bed planting produced significantly more biomass than conventional and zero tillage.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- bed planting (BP)e0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher biomass was recorded under bed planting (BP) over that under conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT).”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed planting increased grain yield by 13% over conventional tillage in 2015-16.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- BPe0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 2015-16e0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was increased by 13 and 16.9% under BP over that under CT during 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed planting increased grain yield by 16.9% over conventional tillage in 2016-17.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- BPe0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16.9%e0
- Qualifier
- 2016-17e0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was increased by 13 and 16.9% under BP over that under CT during 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching significantly increased grain yield across irrigation levels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- mulch treated plotse0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- irrespective of irrigation levelse0
- Comparator
- non-mulched plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield increased significantly under mulch treated plots over that under non-mulched plots, irrespective of irrigation levels.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed planting had the least water use.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- BPe0
- Outcome
- water usee0
- Direction
- Leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Least water use with higher water use efficiency and water productivity were measured under BP.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed planting had higher water use efficiency and water productivity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- BPe0
- Outcome
- water use efficiency and water productivitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Least water use with higher water use efficiency and water productivity were measured under BP.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
With straw mulch, the top 0-15 cm layer contributed most to crop moisture use under all establishment methods.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- straw mulche0
- Outcome
- contribution of top 0-15 cm layere0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under all three crop establishment techniques, contribution of top 0-15 cm layer was maximum towards total moisture use by the crop where straw mulch was used.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Without mulch, soil layers showed no definite moisture extraction pattern.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- non-mulch treatmente0
- Outcome
- no definite trend in moisture extraction patterne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While in non-mulch treatment, there was no definite trend in moisture extraction pattern as contributed by various layers.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
More irrigations increased moisture availability in the top 0-15 cm layer.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increase in number of irrigatione0
- Outcome
- moisture availabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedOrgan / stageComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in number of irrigation further increased the moisture availability in top 0-15 cm soil layer.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed planting with mulch and three irrigations gave the maximum benefit-cost ratio of 2.68.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- BP with mulching and three irrigationse0
- Outcome
- benefit-cost (B: C) ratioe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 2.68e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum benefit-cost (B: C) ratio (2.68) was recorded under BP with mulching and three irrigations.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend bed planting with paddy straw mulch at 4 t/ha and three irrigations for wheat farmers.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- BP along with paddy straw mulching @ 4 t/ha and three irrigationse0
- Outcome
- good optione0
- Setting
- Eastern sub-Himalayan plainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BP along with paddy straw mulching @ 4 t/ha and three irrigations is a good option for the wheat farmers of the Eastern sub-Himalayan plains in terms of productivity, water use and profitability.”
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