Abstract
Probiotic bacteria, inhabiting the endosphere of plants, presents a major opportunity to develop cheap and eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic agrochemicals. Using standard microbiological procedures, culturable bacteria were isolated from the endosphere (root, stem and leaf) of two Nigerian rice varieties (Ofada and ITA 150). Assays including indole acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization, seed germination assay, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and ammonia production, and antifungal assay were conducted to identify the phytobeneficial bacterial strains. A total of 193 bacteria were isolated from all samples. The roots had the highest bacterial count of 45 and 61 x 108 cfu/g in Ofada and ITA 150 respectively when compared with the stem and leaf samples. The bacterial genera isolated were Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Citrobacter and Escherichia. Eight isolates produced IAA as well as ammonia. Phosphate solubilization was observed in five isolates while four isolates produced HCN. The germination rate of rice seeds coated with bacterial isolates ranged from 81.48% to 100%. Eight bacterial isolates inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, but Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter cloacae showed the highest antagonism. Thus, eight bacteria isolates showed multiple beneficial abilities and may be considered as promising microbial inoculants for rice plant growth and productivity.Keywords: Bacteria, endosphere, plant growth, rice
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
A total of 193 bacteria were isolated from the rice samples.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Outcome
- bacteria were isolatede0
- Value
- 193 bacteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two Nigerian rice varieties”
e0“A total of 193 bacteria were isolated from all samples”
Claim · model-written summary
Root samples had the highest bacterial count of the endosphere samples, 45 and 61 x 108 cfu/g in Ofada and ITA 150, compared with stem and leaf.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Ofada and ITA 150e1
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Interactor
- culturable bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- bacterial counte1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 45 and 61 x 108 cfu/ge1
- Comparator
- stem and leaf samplese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two Nigerian rice varieties”
e0“culturable bacteria were isolated from the endosphere”
e1“The roots had the highest bacterial count of 45 and 61 x 108 cfu/g in Ofada and ITA 150 respectively when compared with the stem and leaf samples”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight isolates produced IAA and ammonia.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- isolatese0symbiont
- Outcome
- IAA as well as ammoniae0
- Value
- Eight isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two Nigerian rice varieties”
e0“Eight isolates produced IAA as well as ammonia”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate solubilization was observed in five isolates.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- isolatese0symbiont
- Outcome
- Phosphate solubilizatione0
- Value
- five isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two Nigerian rice varieties”
e0“Phosphate solubilization was observed in five isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Four isolates produced HCN.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- isolatese0symbiont
- Outcome
- produced HCNe0
- Value
- four isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two Nigerian rice varieties”
e0“four isolates produced HCN”
Claim · model-written summary
Coating rice seeds with bacterial isolates gave germination rates of 81.48% to 100%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- coated with bacterial isolatese0
- Interactor
- bacterial isolatese0symbiont
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Value
- 81.48% to 100%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two Nigerian rice varieties”
e0“The germination rate of rice seeds coated with bacterial isolates ranged from 81.48% to 100%”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight bacterial isolates inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Eight bacterial isolatese0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Second interactor
- bacterial isolatese0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growth of Fusarium oxysporume0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“two Nigerian rice varieties”
e0“Eight bacterial isolates inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight bacterial isolates inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia solani.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Eight bacterial isolatese0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Second interactor
- bacterial isolatese0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two Nigerian rice varieties”
e0“Eight bacterial isolates inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Citrobacter freundii showed the highest antagonism against the tested fungi.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Citrobacter freundii
Citrobacter freundiie0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- antagonisme0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two Nigerian rice varieties”
e0“Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter cloacae showed the highest antagonism”
Claim · model-written summary
Enterobacter cloacae showed the highest antagonism against the tested fungi.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Enterobacter cloacae
Enterobacter cloacaee0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- antagonisme0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two Nigerian rice varieties”
e0“Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter cloacae showed the highest antagonism”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus was among the bacterial genera isolated from rice endosphere.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Bacilluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- bacterial genera isolatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two Nigerian rice varieties”
e0“The bacterial genera isolated were Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Citrobacter and Escherichia”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas was among the bacterial genera isolated from rice endosphere.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas
Pseudomonase0symbiont - Outcome
- bacterial genera isolatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two Nigerian rice varieties”
e0“The bacterial genera isolated were Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Citrobacter and Escherichia”
Claim · model-written summary
Enterobacter was among the bacterial genera isolated from rice endosphere.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- EnterobacterEnterobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- bacterial genera isolatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two Nigerian rice varieties”
e0“The bacterial genera isolated were Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Citrobacter and Escherichia”
Claim · model-written summary
Klebsiella was among the bacterial genera isolated from rice endosphere.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- KlebsiellaKlebsiellae0symbiont
- Outcome
- bacterial genera isolatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two Nigerian rice varieties”
e0“The bacterial genera isolated were Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Citrobacter and Escherichia”
Claim · model-written summary
Staphylococcus was among the bacterial genera isolated from rice endosphere.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Staphylococcus
Staphylococcuse0symbiont - Outcome
- bacterial genera isolatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two Nigerian rice varieties”
e0“The bacterial genera isolated were Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Citrobacter and Escherichia”
Claim · model-written summary
Citrobacter was among the bacterial genera isolated from rice endosphere.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- CitrobacterCitrobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- bacterial genera isolatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two Nigerian rice varieties”
e0“The bacterial genera isolated were Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Citrobacter and Escherichia”
Claim · model-written summary
Escherichia was among the bacterial genera isolated from rice endosphere.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Escherichia
Escherichiae0symbiont - Outcome
- bacterial genera isolatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“two Nigerian rice varieties”
e0“The bacterial genera isolated were Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Citrobacter and Escherichia”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight bacterial isolates may be considered promising microbial inoculants for rice plant growth and productivity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- microbial inoculantse0
- Outcome
- rice plant growth and productivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“may be considered as promising microbial inoculants for rice plant growth and productivity”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Rhizoctonia solani · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
27 papers more in this group
See all 31 papers →inoculation · Fusarium oxysporum · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.