Abstract
Summary The allelopathic effect of Amaranthus retroflexus L., Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats, and Amaranthus gracilis Desf. on wheat Triticum durum L. was investigated under laboratory, glasshouse and field conditions. Laboratory experiments showed that fresh shoot or root extract of the three weed species reduced germination, coleoptile length, root length and root dry weight of wheat seedlings. The inhibitory effects were rate dependent, with low concentrations of shoot extract promoting shoot growth of wheat. Fresh plant extracts were more phytotoxic than dried plant extracts and shoot extracts had higher detrimental effects than root extracts. In pot experiments, dried shoot extract of A. gracilis increased shoot and root dry weights of wheat seedlings. For A retroflexus and A. blitoides the extracts of these and dried shoots (8 g kg −1 ), which had been added to soil mixtures significantly reduced ger‐mination and growth of wheat seedlings. Addition of up to 16 g kg −1 of A. gracilis residues promoted shoot growth of wheat and had no significant harmful effect on root growth. Roots appeared more sensitive to allelopathic effect than shoots. Under field conditions, incorporation of A. retroflexus or A. blitoides residues in the soil reduced height, grain and straw yield of wheat, whereas A. gracilis residues stimulated plant height and increased yield.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh extracts of A. retroflexus reduced wheat seedling germination, coleoptile and root lengths, and root dry weight.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- fresh shoot or root extracte0
- Interactor
- Amaranthus spp.
_with_green_foliage%2C_photographed_in_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg?width=60)
Amaranthust0weed - Outcome
- germination, coleoptile length, root length and root dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_with_green_foliage%2C_photographed_in_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“fresh shoot or root extract of the three weed species reduced germination, coleoptile length, root length and root dry weight of wheat seedlings”
t0“The allelopathic effect of three Amaranthus spp. (pigweeds) on wheat (Triticum durum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh extracts of A. blitoides reduced wheat seedling germination and growth traits.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fresh shoot or root extracte0
- Interactor
- Amaranthus spp.Amaranthust0weed
- Outcome
- germination, coleoptile length, root length and root dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fresh shoot or root extract of the three weed species reduced germination, coleoptile length, root length and root dry weight of wheat seedlings”
t0“The allelopathic effect of three Amaranthus spp. (pigweeds) on wheat (Triticum durum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh extracts of A. gracilis reduced wheat seedling germination and growth traits.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fresh shoot or root extracte0
- Interactor
- Amaranthus spp.Amaranthust0weed
- Outcome
- germination, coleoptile length, root length and root dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fresh shoot or root extract of the three weed species reduced germination, coleoptile length, root length and root dry weight of wheat seedlings”
t0“The allelopathic effect of three Amaranthus spp. (pigweeds) on wheat (Triticum durum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low concentrations of shoot extract promoted wheat shoot growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low concentrations of shoot extracte0
- Interactor
- Amaranthus spp.Amaranthust0weed
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low concentrations of shoot extract promoting shoot growth of wheat”
t0“The allelopathic effect of three Amaranthus spp. (pigweeds) on wheat (Triticum durum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh extracts were more phytotoxic than dried extracts.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fresh plant extractse0
- Interactor
- Amaranthus spp.Amaranthust0weed
- Outcome
- phytotoxice0
- Direction
- more phytotoxice0
- Comparator
- dried plant extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh plant extracts were more phytotoxic than dried plant extracts”
t0“The allelopathic effect of three Amaranthus spp. (pigweeds) on wheat (Triticum durum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot extracts had higher detrimental effects than root extracts.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- shoot extractse0
- Interactor
- Amaranthus spp.Amaranthust0weed
- Outcome
- detrimental effectse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- root extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot extracts had higher detrimental effects than root extracts”
t0“The allelopathic effect of three Amaranthus spp. (pigweeds) on wheat (Triticum durum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dried A. gracilis shoot extract increased wheat seedling shoot and root dry weight in pots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- dried shoot extract of A. gracilise0
- Interactor
- A. gracilis
Amaranthus viridise0weedt0 - Outcome
- shoot and root dry weightse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dried shoot extract of A. gracilis increased shoot and root dry weights of wheat seedlings”
t0“The allelopathic effect of three Amaranthus spp. (pigweeds) on wheat (Triticum durum)”
Claim · model-written summary
A. retroflexus extracts and dried shoots significantly reduced wheat germination and growth in pots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- extracts of these and dried shoots (8 g kg −1 )e0
- Interactor
- A retroflexus
Amaranthus retroflexuse0weedt0 - Outcome
- ger‐mination and growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For A retroflexus and A. blitoides the extracts of these and dried shoots (8 g kg −1 ), which had been added to soil mixtures significantly reduced ger‐mination and growth of wheat seedlings”
t0“The allelopathic effect of three Amaranthus spp. (pigweeds) on wheat (Triticum durum)”
Claim · model-written summary
A. blitoides extracts and dried shoots significantly reduced wheat germination and growth in pots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- extracts of these and dried shoots (8 g kg −1 )e0
- Interactor
- A. blitoides
Amaranthus blitoidese0weedt0 - Outcome
- ger‐mination and growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For A retroflexus and A. blitoides the extracts of these and dried shoots (8 g kg −1 ), which had been added to soil mixtures significantly reduced ger‐mination and growth of wheat seedlings”
t0“The allelopathic effect of three Amaranthus spp. (pigweeds) on wheat (Triticum durum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Up to 16 g kg −1 A. gracilis residues promoted wheat shoot growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- up to 16 g kg −1 of A. gracilis residuese0
- Interactor
- A. gracilisAmaranthus viridise0weedt0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of up to 16 g kg −1 of A. gracilis residues promoted shoot growth of wheat”
t0“The allelopathic effect of three Amaranthus spp. (pigweeds) on wheat (Triticum durum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Up to 16 g kg −1 A. gracilis residues had no significant harmful effect on wheat root growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- up to 16 g kg −1 of A. gracilis residuese0
- Interactor
- A. gracilisAmaranthus viridise0weedt0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- no significant harmful effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of up to 16 g kg −1 of A. gracilis residues promoted shoot growth of wheat and had no significant harmful effect on root growth”
t0“The allelopathic effect of three Amaranthus spp. (pigweeds) on wheat (Triticum durum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat roots appeared more sensitive to allelopathy than shoots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Rootse0
- Interactor
- Amaranthus spp.Amaranthust0weed
- Outcome
- sensitive to allelopathic effecte0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
- Comparator
- shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roots appeared more sensitive to allelopathic effect than shoots”
t0“The allelopathic effect of three Amaranthus spp. (pigweeds) on wheat (Triticum durum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Field incorporation of A. retroflexus residues reduced wheat height, grain and straw yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- incorporation of A. retroflexuse0
- Interactor
- A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse0weedt0
- Outcome
- height, grain and straw yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“incorporation of A. retroflexus or A. blitoides residues in the soil reduced height, grain and straw yield of wheat”
t0“The allelopathic effect of three Amaranthus spp. (pigweeds) on wheat (Triticum durum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Field incorporation of A. blitoides residues reduced wheat height, grain and straw yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- A. blitoides residuese0
- Interactor
- A. blitoidesAmaranthus blitoidese0weedt0
- Outcome
- height, grain and straw yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“incorporation of A. retroflexus or A. blitoides residues in the soil reduced height, grain and straw yield of wheat”
t0“The allelopathic effect of three Amaranthus spp. (pigweeds) on wheat (Triticum durum)”
Claim · model-written summary
A. gracilis residues increased wheat height and yield in the field.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- A. gracilis residuese0
- Interactor
- A. gracilisAmaranthus viridise0weedt0
- Outcome
- plant height and increased yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. gracilis residues stimulated plant height and increased yield”
t0“The allelopathic effect of three Amaranthus spp. (pigweeds) on wheat (Triticum durum)”
The same questions in other papers
processing · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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- negative
- negative
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See all 62 papers →botanical · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
205 papers in the same direction as this paper · 228 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
431 papers more in this group
See all 435 papers →botanical · Amaranthus retroflexus · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.