Abstract
Abstract Expression of the mammalian DNA demethylase enzyme TET 3 in plants can be used to induce hypomethylation of DNA . In tomato lines that express a TET 3 transgene, we observed distinct phenotypes including an increase in the length and number of leaves of primary shoots. As these changes resemble phenotypes observed in plants with strong expression of SELF PRUNING ( SP ), a member of the PEBP / CETS family, we investigated in TET 3 lines the expression levels of members of the PEBP / CETS gene family, which affect shoot architecture and growth of sympodial units in tomato. We did not detect any changes in SP expression in TET 3 lines, but for CEN 1.1 , a putative family member that has not been functionally characterized, we identified changes in gene expression that corresponded to hypomethylation in the upstream region. In tomato wild type, CEN 1.1 is expressed in roots, petals, and shoot apices but not in mature leaves. In contrast, in TET 3 transformants, the CEN 1.1 gene became hypomethylated and activated in leaves. Ectopic expression of CEN 1.1 in tomato caused similar phenotypes to those seen in TET 3 transformants. Vegetative growth was increased, resulting both in a delay in inflorescence development and in an instability of the inflorescences, which frequently reverted to a vegetative state. Ectopic expression of CEN 1.1 in Arabidopsis thaliana also caused floral repression. Our data suggest that the phenotypes observed in TET 3 lines are a consequence of ectopic activation of CEN 1.1, which promotes vegetative growth, and that CEN 1.1 expression is sensitive to DNA methylation changes.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato lines expressing a TET 3 transgene showed increased length and number of leaves on primary shoots
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- primary shootse0
- Treatment
- TET 3 transgenee0
- Outcome
- length and number of leaves of primary shootse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In tomato lines that express a TET 3 transgene, we observed distinct phenotypes including an increase in the length and number of leaves of primary shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
In TET 3 transformants CEN 1.1 became hypomethylated and activated in leaves, unlike the tomato wild type
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- TET 3 transformantse1
- Gene
- CEN 1.1e1
- Outcome
- CEN 1.1 gene became hypomethylated and activatede1
- Direction
- activatede1
- Comparator
- tomato wild typee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In tomato lines that express a TET 3 transgene, we observed distinct phenotypes including an increase in the length and number of leaves of primary shoots”
e1“In contrast, in TET 3 transformants, the CEN 1.1 gene became hypomethylated and activated in leaves”
e2“In tomato wild type, CEN 1.1 is expressed in roots, petals, and shoot apices but not in mature leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
TET 3 lines showed no detectable change in SP expression
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- TET 3 linese3
- Outcome
- SP expressione3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In tomato lines that express a TET 3 transgene, we observed distinct phenotypes including an increase in the length and number of leaves of primary shoots”
e3“We did not detect any changes in SP expression in TET 3 lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic expression of CEN 1.1 in tomato increased vegetative growth, similar to TET 3 transformants
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Treatment
- Ectopic expression of CEN 1.1e4
- Gene
- CEN 1.1e4
- Outcome
- Vegetative growthe5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- TET 3 transformantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Ectopic expression of CEN 1.1 in tomato caused similar phenotypes to those seen in TET 3 transformants”
e5“Vegetative growth was increased, resulting both in a delay in inflorescence development and in an instability of the inflorescences, which frequently reverted to a vegetative state”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic expression of CEN 1.1 in tomato delayed inflorescence development
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Treatment
- Ectopic expression of CEN 1.1e4
- Outcome
- delay in inflorescence developmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Ectopic expression of CEN 1.1 in tomato caused similar phenotypes to those seen in TET 3 transformants”
e5“Vegetative growth was increased, resulting both in a delay in inflorescence development and in an instability of the inflorescences, which frequently reverted to a vegetative state”
Claim · model-written summary
Inflorescences of tomato with ectopic CEN 1.1 were unstable and frequently reverted to a vegetative state
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Outcome
- instability of the inflorescencese5
- Qualifier
- frequently reverted to a vegetative statee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Ectopic expression of CEN 1.1 in tomato caused similar phenotypes to those seen in TET 3 transformants”
e5“Vegetative growth was increased, resulting both in a delay in inflorescence development and in an instability of the inflorescences, which frequently reverted to a vegetative state”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic expression of CEN 1.1 in Arabidopsis thaliana caused floral repression
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae6 - Treatment
- Ectopic expression of CEN 1.1e6
- Gene
- CEN 1.1e6
- Outcome
- floral repressione6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Ectopic expression of CEN 1.1 in Arabidopsis thaliana also caused floral repression”
Claim · model-written summary
The TET 3 line phenotypes are, the authors suggest, a consequence of ectopic activation of CEN 1.1, which promotes vegetative growth
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Gene
- CEN 1.1e7
- Outcome
- phenotypes observed in TET 3 linese7
- Qualifier
- ectopic activatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In tomato lines that express a TET 3 transgene, we observed distinct phenotypes including an increase in the length and number of leaves of primary shoots”
e7“Our data suggest that the phenotypes observed in TET 3 lines are a consequence of ectopic activation of CEN 1.1, which promotes vegetative growth”
Claim · model-written summary
CEN 1.1 expression is sensitive to DNA methylation changes in tomato
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- DNA methylation changese1
- Outcome
- CEN 1.1 expressione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In tomato lines that express a TET 3 transgene, we observed distinct phenotypes including an increase in the length and number of leaves of primary shoots”
e1“CEN 1.1 expression is sensitive to DNA methylation changes”
Claim · model-written summary
In tomato wild type CEN 1.1 is expressed in roots, petals and shoot apices but not in mature leaves
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Organ / stage
- roots, petals, and shoot apicese2
- Gene
- CEN 1.1e2
- Outcome
- CEN 1.1 is expressede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In tomato wild type, CEN 1.1 is expressed in roots, petals, and shoot apices but not in mature leaves”
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See all 27 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.