Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is a pathogen of tomato and Arabidopsis that translocates virulence effector proteins into host cells via a type III secretion system (T3SS). Many effector-encoding hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) outer protein (hop) genes have been identified previously in DC3000 using bioinformatic methods based on Hrp promoter sequences and characteristic N-terminal amino acid patterns that are associated with T3SS substrates. To approach completion of the Hop/effector inventory in DC3000, 44 additional candidates were tested by the Bordetella pertussis calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase (Cya) translocation reporter assay; 10 of the high-probability candidates were confirmed as T3SS substrates. Several previously predicted hop genes were tested for their ability to be expressed in an HrpL-dependent manner in culture or to be expressed in planta. The data indicate that DC3000 harbors 53 hop/avr genes and pseudogenes (encoding both injected effectors and T3SS substrates that probably are released to the apoplast); 33 of these genes are likely functional in DC3000, 12 are nonfunctional members of valid Hop families, and 8 are less certain regarding their production at functional levels. Growth of DC3000 in tomato and Arabidopsis Col-0 was not impaired by constitutive expression of repaired versions of two hops that were disrupted naturally by transposable elements or of hop genes that are naturally cryptic. In summary, DC3000 carries a complex mixture of active and inactive hop genes, and the hop genes in P. syringae can be identified efficiently by bioinformatic methods; however, a precise inventory of the subset of Hops that are important in pathogenesis awaits more knowledge based on mutant phenotypes and functions within plants.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Ten high-probability candidates were confirmed as T3SS substrates.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000t0pathogen
- Outcome
- confirmed as T3SS substratese0
- Value
- 10e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“44 additional candidates were tested by the Bordetella pertussis calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase (Cya) translocation reporter assay; 10 of the high-probability candidates were confirmed as T3SS substrates.”
t0“Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000”
Claim · model-written summary
DC3000 harbors 53 hop/avr genes and pseudogenes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- DC3000e0pathogen
- Outcome
- hop/avr genes and pseudogenese0
- Value
- 53e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The data indicate that DC3000 harbors 53 hop/avr genes and pseudogenes (encoding both injected effectors and T3SS substrates that probably are released to the apoplast); 33 of these genes are likely functional in DC3000, 12 are nonfunctional members of valid Hop families, and 8 are less certain regarding their production at functional levels.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Of the hop genes, 33 were likely functional, 12 nonfunctional and 8 uncertain.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- DC3000e0pathogen
- Outcome
- genes are likely functionale0
- Value
- 33e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“33 of these genes are likely functional in DC3000, 12 are nonfunctional members of valid Hop families, and 8 are less certain regarding their production at functional levels.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive expression of repaired or cryptic hop genes did not impair DC3000 growth in tomato or Arabidopsis Col-0.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- constitutive expression of repaired versions of two hopse0
- Interactor
- DC3000e0pathogen
- Outcome
- Growth of DC3000e0
- Direction
- not impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of DC3000 in tomato and Arabidopsis Col-0 was not impaired by constitutive expression of repaired versions of two hops that were disrupted naturally by transposable elements or of hop genes that are naturally cryptic.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioinformatic methods were judged efficient at identifying hop genes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- P. syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Outcome
- identified efficientlye0
- Comparator
- bioinformatic methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the hop genes in P. syringae can be identified efficiently by bioinformatic methods”
t0“tomato”
The same questions in other papers
overexpression · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
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- positive
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.