Paper · 1926 · Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University)

Crop returns under various rotations in the Wisconsin drift soil area

W. H. Stevenson; P. E. Brown; L. W. Forman

9
claims
12
verbatim quotes
5
citations
1
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

When the average values of the crops secured under various rotations were calculated over a ten-year period, it appears that a three-year rotation of corn, oats and clover yielded much greater economic returns from the crops grown than a two-year alternation of corn and oats or the growing of corn continuously on a typical Wisconsin drift soil area. This was true on the untreated areas and on areas which were treated with manure and lime, manure, lime and rock phosphate, crop residues and lime, and crop residues, lime and rock phosphate. The difference was greater between the yields under the three-year rotation and the two-year alternation than between those on the three-year rotation and the continuous corn plot. This was true on the untreated or check soil and on the soils treated with manure and lime. Under the five-year rotation of corn, oats, clover, wheat and alfalfa, where alfalfa remained on the land for five years, the value of the crops grown over the ten year period was slightly greater than under the three-year rotation on the check plots, definitely greater on the plots treated with manure and lime, but not quite as large on the plots treated with manure, lime and rock phosphate. Here the value of the crop was about $5 greater under the three-year rotation system. On the plots treated with crop residues and lime there was a slight difference in favor of the three-year rotation, but where rock phosphate was added with the crop residues and lime the crops under the five-year rotation were worth considerably more.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 9

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The three-year corn, oats and clover rotation gave much greater economic returns than a two-year alternation of corn and oats.

Treatment
a three-year rotation of corn, oats and clovere0
Outcome
economic returnse0
Direction
much greatere0
Comparator
a two-year alternation of corn and oatse0
Setting
Wisconsin drift soil areae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trifolium
Trifolium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)AnRo0002 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“a three-year rotation of corn, oats and clover yielded much greater economic returns from the crops grown than a two-year alternation of corn and oats or the growing of corn continuously on a typical Wisconsin drift soil area.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 125–351 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The three-year corn, oats and clover rotation gave much greater economic returns than the growing of corn continuously.

Treatment
a three-year rotation of corn, oats and clovere0
Outcome
economic returnse0
Direction
much greatere0
Comparator
the growing of corn continuouslye0
Setting
Wisconsin drift soil areae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trifolium
Trifolium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)AnRo0002 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“a three-year rotation of corn, oats and clover yielded much greater economic returns from the crops grown than a two-year alternation of corn and oats or the growing of corn continuously on a typical Wisconsin drift soil area.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 125–351 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The yield difference between three- and two-year rotations exceeded that between three-year rotation and continuous corn.

Outcome
differencee0
Direction
greatere0
Comparator
continuous corn plote0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The difference was greater between the yields under the three-year rotation and the two-year alternation than between those on the three-year rotation and the continuous corn plot.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 544–724 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The five-year rotation had slightly greater crop value than the three-year rotation on check plots.

Treatment
five-year rotatione0
Outcome
value of the cropse0
Direction
slightly greatere0
Qualifier
check plotse0
Comparator
three-year rotatione0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Medicago sativa
Medicago sativa · TaxonDrepanostoma · CC BY 4.0 · iNaturalist ↗
Trifolium
Trifolium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)AnRo0002 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Under the five-year rotation of corn, oats, clover, wheat and alfalfa, where alfalfa remained on the land for five years, the value of the crops grown over the ten year period was slightly greater than under the three-year rotation on the check plots, definitely greater on the plots treated with manure and lime, but not quite as large on the plots treated with manure, lime and rock phosphate.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 817–1212 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The five-year rotation had definitely greater crop value than the three-year rotation on plots treated with manure and lime.

Treatment
five-year rotatione0
Outcome
value of the cropse0
Direction
definitely greatere0
Qualifier
plots treated with manure and limee0
Comparator
three-year rotatione0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Medicago sativa
Medicago sativa · TaxonDrepanostoma · CC BY 4.0 · iNaturalist ↗
Trifolium
Trifolium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)AnRo0002 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Under the five-year rotation of corn, oats, clover, wheat and alfalfa, where alfalfa remained on the land for five years, the value of the crops grown over the ten year period was slightly greater than under the three-year rotation on the check plots, definitely greater on the plots treated with manure and lime, but not quite as large on the plots treated with manure, lime and rock phosphate.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 817–1212 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The five-year rotation had not quite as large crop value than the three-year rotation on plots treated with manure, lime and rock phosphate.

Treatment
five-year rotatione0
Outcome
value of the cropse0
Direction
not quite as largee0
Qualifier
plots treated with manure, lime and rock phosphatee0
Comparator
three-year rotatione0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Medicago sativa
Medicago sativa · TaxonDrepanostoma · CC BY 4.0 · iNaturalist ↗
Trifolium
Trifolium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)AnRo0002 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Under the five-year rotation of corn, oats, clover, wheat and alfalfa, where alfalfa remained on the land for five years, the value of the crops grown over the ten year period was slightly greater than under the three-year rotation on the check plots, definitely greater on the plots treated with manure and lime, but not quite as large on the plots treated with manure, lime and rock phosphate.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 817–1212 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

With manure, lime and rock phosphate, crop value was about $5 greater in the three-year rotation.

Treatment
three-year rotation systeme0
Outcome
value of the crope0
Direction
greatere0
Value
about $5e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trifolium
Trifolium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)AnRo0002 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Here the value of the crop was about $5 greater under the three-year rotation system.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1213–1298 · show in text ↑
t0

“three-year rotation of corn, oats and clover”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 127–171 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Under crop residues and lime, the three-year rotation had higher crop value.

Treatment
crop residues and limee0
Outcome
three-year rotatione0
Direction
in favor ofe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trifolium
Trifolium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)AnRo0002 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“On the plots treated with crop residues and lime there was a slight difference in favor of the three-year rotation, but where rock phosphate was added with the crop residues and lime the crops under the five-year rotation were worth considerably more.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1299–1550 · show in text ↑
t0

“three-year rotation of corn, oats and clover”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 127–171 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Under rock phosphate was added with the crop residues and lime, the five-year rotation had higher crop value.

Treatment
rock phosphate was added with the crop residues and limee0
Outcome
five-year rotatione0
Direction
worth considerably moree0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trifolium
Trifolium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)AnRo0002 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“On the plots treated with crop residues and lime there was a slight difference in favor of the three-year rotation, but where rock phosphate was added with the crop residues and lime the crops under the five-year rotation were worth considerably more.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1299–1550 · show in text ↑
t0

“three-year rotation of corn, oats and clover”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 127–171 · show in text ↑

Zea mays subsp. mays · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

292 papers: 196 positive, 96 negative or no effect

195 papers in the same direction as this paper · 85 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

288 papers more in this group

See all 292 papers →

Avena sativa · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

7 papers: 6 positive, 1 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

3 papers more in this group

See all 7 papers →

Zea mays subsp. mays · yield · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree

3 papers: 3 positive, 0 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

rotation · yield · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results

10 papers: 9 positive, 1 negative or no effect

8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive

6 papers more in this group

See all 10 papers →

rotation · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

322 papers: 254 positive, 68 negative or no effect

253 papers in the same direction as this paper · 52 in the opposite direction · 16 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

318 papers more in this group

See all 322 papers →

rotation · yield · TrifoliumResults agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.