Abstract
The effect of chemical weed control with reduced herbicide rates (pre-em., pre-em. + post-em., post-em.) on weed population density and maize yield was compared in three tillage systems (mouldboard, chisel, disk harrowing) for lessive pseudogleyic soil in north-eastern Croatia(1997-1999). These main weeds were present in all tillage variants: Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) PB., Chenopodium album L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Polygonum lapathifolium L., Equisetum arvense L. and Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br. The density of all weeds was significantly affected by tillage and it ranged from 204 plants on untreated plots with mouldboard to 372 and 421 plants per m2 with chisel ploughing and disk harrowing, respectively. In comparison with standard tank-mixture of atrazine herbicide (metolachlor 50% & atrazine 20%) at the recommended rate, atrazine-free herbicide combinations (metolachlor + 50% prosulfuron & 30% primisulfuron-methyl; sulcotrione + bromoxynil; thifensulfuron-methyl + nicosulfuron) showed a similar total efficacy of weed control (95-96%). Band spraying with standard treatment at a half-recommended rate combined with mechanical weed control brought a satisfactory total weed reduction (83-87%). The weed control methods had no effects on maize yields that were significantly affected by year and tillage. Compared to the highest yield with mouldboard ploughing (10.2 t/ha), average percent yield depressions with chisel ploughing and disk harrowing were 10 and 22%, respectively.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage significantly affected total weed density.
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The density of all weeds was significantly affected by tillage”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated mouldboard plots had 204 weeds.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“204 plants on untreated plots with mouldboard”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Chisel ploughing had 372 weeds per square meter.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“372 and 421 plants per m2 with chisel ploughing and disk harrowing, respectively”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Disk harrowing had 421 weeds per square meter.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“372 and 421 plants per m2 with chisel ploughing and disk harrowing, respectively”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine-free combinations gave 95–96% weed control efficacy similar to the standard mixture.
- Treatment
- atrazine-free herbicide combinationse0
- Outcome
- total efficacy of weed controle0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 95-96%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“atrazine-free herbicide combinations (metolachlor + 50% prosulfuron & 30% primisulfuron-methyl; sulcotrione + bromoxynil; thifensulfuron-methyl + nicosulfuron) showed a similar total efficacy of weed control (95-96%)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Half-rate band spraying with mechanical control reduced weeds by 83–87%.
- Treatment
- Band spraying with standard treatment at a half-recommended rate combined with mechanical weed controle0
- Outcome
- weed reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 83-87%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Band spraying with standard treatment at a half-recommended rate combined with mechanical weed control brought a satisfactory total weed reduction (83-87%)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control methods did not affect maize yields.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The weed control methods had no effects on maize yields”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Year and tillage significantly affected maize yields.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize yields that were significantly affected by year and tillage”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Mouldboard ploughing produced the highest maize yield of 10.2 t/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest yield with mouldboard ploughing (10.2 t/ha)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Chisel ploughing depressed maize yield by 10% compared with mouldboard ploughing.
- Treatment
- chisel ploughinge0
- Outcome
- yield depressionse0
- Direction
- depressionse0
- Value
- 10e0
- Comparator
- mouldboard ploughinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the highest yield with mouldboard ploughing (10.2 t/ha), average percent yield depressions with chisel ploughing and disk harrowing were 10 and 22%, respectively”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Disk harrowing depressed maize yield by 22% compared with mouldboard ploughing.
- Treatment
- disk harrowinge0
- Outcome
- yield depressionse0
- Direction
- depressionse0
- Value
- 22%e0
- Comparator
- mouldboard ploughinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the highest yield with mouldboard ploughing (10.2 t/ha), average percent yield depressions with chisel ploughing and disk harrowing were 10 and 22%, respectively”
t0“maize”
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