Abstract
Date palm seedlings derived from Jihel (JHL), a susceptible cultivar to Bayoud disease (fusariosis caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis, Foa), were subjected to root inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) collected from south Morocco and multiplied on barley as host plant. Successfully colonized plants by mycorrhizal fungi (85 % of treated plants) produced typical intraradical structures (arbuscules, vesicles, hyphae). After ten months of colonization, mycorrhizal plants showed a significant increase in their growth expressed as shoot height, number of leaves per plant, shoot weight, root weight and the total biomass. Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal (controls) date palm seedlings showed great differences in their leaf contents of phosphorus (P), potassium (K + ) and sodium (Na + ). When compared with controls, P increased more than two folds in mycorrhizal plants, while the values of K + and Na + doubled. When inoculated with Foa by injecting roots with a spore suspension, mycorrhizal (M + Foa) and nonmycorrhizal (C + Foa) date palm seedlings showed significant increases in their root total phenols and peroxidase activities during the first month after inoculation. The highest increases were found in mycorrhizal seedlings accompanied by limited plant death. Mycorrhization alone did not affect significantly total phenols and peroxidase activities during the first week of culture. Plant death decrease in plant lots subjected to root inoculation with the he AMF fungus. As revealed by mycorrhization of date palm seedlings, these results supported the hypothesis that induced resistance to Bayoud disease is mediated by high increases in phenolic compounds and peroxidase activities. These results highlight the importance of mycorrhizal fungi as biocontrol agents to combat Bayoud disease and improve date palm culture in infected palm groves.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonized 85% of treated date palm plants, producing intraradical structures.
- Taxon
- Date Palm Seedlings
Phoenix dactyliferat0 - Interactor
- mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- Successfully colonized plantse0
- Value
- 85 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Successfully colonized plants by mycorrhizal fungi (85 % of treated plants) produced typical intraradical structures (arbuscules, vesicles, hyphae).”
t0“Date Palm Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
After ten months, mycorrhizal seedlings had increased shoot height, leaf number and shoot weight.
- Taxon
- Date Palm SeedlingsPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal plantse0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizale0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot height, number of leaves per plant, shoot weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- After ten months of colonizatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After ten months of colonization, mycorrhizal plants showed a significant increase in their growth expressed as shoot height, number of leaves per plant, shoot weight, root weight and the total biomass.”
t0“Date Palm Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
After ten months, mycorrhizal seedlings had increased root weight and total biomass.
- Taxon
- Date Palm SeedlingsPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal plantse0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizale0symbiont
- Outcome
- root weight and the total biomasse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After ten months of colonization, mycorrhizal plants showed a significant increase in their growth expressed as shoot height, number of leaves per plant, shoot weight, root weight and the total biomass.”
t0“Date Palm Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal seedlings had more than twofold higher leaf P than controls.
- Taxon
- Date Palm SeedlingsPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal plantse0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- more than two foldse0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When compared with controls, P increased more than two folds in mycorrhizal plants, while the values of K + and Na + doubled.”
t0“Date Palm Seedlings”
e1“their leaf contents of phosphorus (P), potassium (K + ) and sodium (Na + )”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal seedlings had doubled leaf K + relative to controls.
- Taxon
- Date Palm SeedlingsPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal plantse0
- Outcome
- K +e0
- Direction
- doublede0
- Value
- doublede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When compared with controls, P increased more than two folds in mycorrhizal plants, while the values of K + and Na + doubled.”
t0“Date Palm Seedlings”
e1“their leaf contents of phosphorus (P), potassium (K + ) and sodium (Na + )”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal seedlings had doubled leaf Na + relative to controls.
- Taxon
- Date Palm SeedlingsPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal plantse0
- Outcome
- Na +e0
- Direction
- doublede0
- Value
- doublede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When compared with controls, P increased more than two folds in mycorrhizal plants, while the values of K + and Na + doubled.”
t0“Date Palm Seedlings”
e1“their leaf contents of phosphorus (P), potassium (K + ) and sodium (Na + )”
Claim · model-written summary
Foa inoculation increased root total phenols and peroxidase activities in both mycorrhizal and control seedlings during the first month.
- Taxon
- date palm seedlingsPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Foa by injecting roots with a spore suspensione0
- Interactor
- Foa
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Outcome
- root total phenols and peroxidase activitiese0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- during the first month after inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“When inoculated with Foa by injecting roots with a spore suspension, mycorrhizal (M + Foa) and nonmycorrhizal (C + Foa) date palm seedlings showed significant increases in their root total phenols and peroxidase activities during the first month after inoculation.”
Claim · model-written summary
The mycorrhizal seedlings had the highest increases in defense indicators.
- Taxon
- Date Palm SeedlingsPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal seedlingse0
- Outcome
- highest increasese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest increases were found in mycorrhizal seedlings accompanied by limited plant death.”
t0“Date Palm Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal seedlings had limited plant death following Foa challenge.
- Taxon
- Date Palm SeedlingsPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal seedlingse0
- Outcome
- plant deathe0
- Direction
- limitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest increases were found in mycorrhizal seedlings accompanied by limited plant death.”
t0“Date Palm Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhization alone did not significantly alter phenols or peroxidase activity during week one.
- Taxon
- Date Palm SeedlingsPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- Mycorrhization alonee0
- Outcome
- total phenols and peroxidase activitiese0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Qualifier
- during the first week of culturee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mycorrhization alone did not affect significantly total phenols and peroxidase activities during the first week of culture.”
t0“Date Palm Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Root inoculation with AMF decreased plant death.
- Taxon
- Date Palm SeedlingsPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- root inoculation with the he AMF funguse0
- Interactor
- AMF funguse0symbiont
- Outcome
- Plant deathe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant death decrease in plant lots subjected to root inoculation with the he AMF fungus.”
t0“Date Palm Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed that elevated phenolics and peroxidase mediate mycorrhiza induced Bayoud resistance.
- Taxon
- date palm seedlingsPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Outcome
- induced resistance to Bayoud diseasee0
- Qualifier
- high increases in phenolic compounds and peroxidase activitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As revealed by mycorrhization of date palm seedlings, these results supported the hypothesis that induced resistance to Bayoud disease is mediated by high increases in phenolic compounds and peroxidase activities.”
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