Abstract
This study focused on the mitigation of the negative impact of salinity stress over time on the growth and development of Phoenix dactylifera plants using compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The experiment had eight treatments in a randomized design. The treatments consisted of a control, AMF (native consortium) and compost (produced from green waste). The treatments were applied separately or in combination in the presence of 240 mM NaCl (saline condition) or 0 mM NaCl (non-saline condition) after 10 and 14 months of cultivation. Our results show that saline stress increased toxic ion (sodium and chlorine), proline, soluble sugars and stress marker (H2O2 and MDA) contents. At the same time, it lowered growth traits, mycorrhizal colonization, leaf water potential and nutrients (nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca)) and photosynthetic pigment concentrations. The application of compost and AMF individually or in combination alleviated salt-induced effects through mechanisms such as an increase in nutrient absorption (P, N, K and Ca), photosynthetic pigment content, relative water content, stomatal opening, leaf water potential, photosystem II efficiency, organic osmolyte content (proline and soluble sugars) and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, APX, CAT and POD) and reduction in lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content. Our results also show that the tolerance strategies of date palm to salinity were progressively improved over time in treated plants and especially in date palms grown in the presence of the two biofertilizers. Between 10 and 14 months of cultivation, growth parameters increased with a significant improvement in nutrient contents, a reduction in the concentrations of toxic ions and stress markers, and regulation of the antioxidant system (antioxidant enzyme activity and osmolyte content) in both leaves and roots. In conclusion, this investigation highlights the effectiveness of dual application of compost and native AMF in mitigating the deleterious effects of salinity on date palm with an improvement in the tolerance over time.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Saline stress increased toxic ions (sodium and chlorine) in date palm relative to non-saline conditions.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactylifera
Phoenix dactyliferae0 - Treatment
- saline stresse1
- Outcome
- toxic ion (sodium and chlorine)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- non-saline conditione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study focused on the mitigation of the negative impact of salinity stress over time on the growth and development of Phoenix dactylifera plants using compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
e1“Our results show that saline stress increased toxic ion (sodium and chlorine), proline, soluble sugars and stress marker (H2O2 and MDA) contents”
e2“in the presence of 240 mM NaCl (saline condition) or 0 mM NaCl (non-saline condition)”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline stress increased proline and soluble sugars in date palm relative to non-saline conditions.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- saline stresse1
- Outcome
- proline, soluble sugarse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- non-saline conditione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study focused on the mitigation of the negative impact of salinity stress over time on the growth and development of Phoenix dactylifera plants using compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
e1“Our results show that saline stress increased toxic ion (sodium and chlorine), proline, soluble sugars and stress marker (H2O2 and MDA) contents”
e2“in the presence of 240 mM NaCl (saline condition) or 0 mM NaCl (non-saline condition)”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline stress increased stress marker (H2O2 and MDA) contents in date palm relative to non-saline conditions.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- saline stresse1
- Outcome
- stress marker (H2O2 and MDA) contentse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- non-saline conditione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study focused on the mitigation of the negative impact of salinity stress over time on the growth and development of Phoenix dactylifera plants using compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
e1“Our results show that saline stress increased toxic ion (sodium and chlorine), proline, soluble sugars and stress marker (H2O2 and MDA) contents”
e2“in the presence of 240 mM NaCl (saline condition) or 0 mM NaCl (non-saline condition)”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline stress lowered growth traits of date palm relative to non-saline conditions.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- saline stresse1
- Outcome
- growth traitse2
- Direction
- lowerede2
- Comparator
- non-saline conditione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study focused on the mitigation of the negative impact of salinity stress over time on the growth and development of Phoenix dactylifera plants using compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
e1“Our results show that saline stress increased toxic ion (sodium and chlorine), proline, soluble sugars and stress marker (H2O2 and MDA) contents”
e2“At the same time, it lowered growth traits, mycorrhizal colonization, leaf water potential and nutrients (nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca)) and photosynthetic pigment concentrations”
e3“in the presence of 240 mM NaCl (saline condition) or 0 mM NaCl (non-saline condition)”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline stress lowered mycorrhizal colonization and leaf water potential in date palm relative to non-saline conditions.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- saline stresse1
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal colonization, leaf water potentiale2
- Direction
- lowerede2
- Comparator
- non-saline conditione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study focused on the mitigation of the negative impact of salinity stress over time on the growth and development of Phoenix dactylifera plants using compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
e1“Our results show that saline stress increased toxic ion (sodium and chlorine), proline, soluble sugars and stress marker (H2O2 and MDA) contents”
e2“At the same time, it lowered growth traits, mycorrhizal colonization, leaf water potential and nutrients (nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca)) and photosynthetic pigment concentrations”
e3“in the presence of 240 mM NaCl (saline condition) or 0 mM NaCl (non-saline condition)”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline stress lowered nutrient contents in date palm relative to non-saline conditions.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- saline stresse1
- Outcome
- nutrients (nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca))e2
- Direction
- lowerede2
- Comparator
- non-saline conditione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study focused on the mitigation of the negative impact of salinity stress over time on the growth and development of Phoenix dactylifera plants using compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
e1“Our results show that saline stress increased toxic ion (sodium and chlorine), proline, soluble sugars and stress marker (H2O2 and MDA) contents”
e2“At the same time, it lowered growth traits, mycorrhizal colonization, leaf water potential and nutrients (nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca)) and photosynthetic pigment concentrations”
e3“in the presence of 240 mM NaCl (saline condition) or 0 mM NaCl (non-saline condition)”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline stress lowered photosynthetic pigment concentrations in date palm relative to non-saline conditions.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- saline stresse1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigment concentrationse2
- Direction
- lowerede2
- Comparator
- non-saline conditione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study focused on the mitigation of the negative impact of salinity stress over time on the growth and development of Phoenix dactylifera plants using compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
e1“Our results show that saline stress increased toxic ion (sodium and chlorine), proline, soluble sugars and stress marker (H2O2 and MDA) contents”
e2“At the same time, it lowered growth traits, mycorrhizal colonization, leaf water potential and nutrients (nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca)) and photosynthetic pigment concentrations”
e3“in the presence of 240 mM NaCl (saline condition) or 0 mM NaCl (non-saline condition)”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost and AMF individually or together alleviated salt-induced effects in date palm relative to salinity alone.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- compost and AMFe4
- Interactor
- AMFe4symbiont
- Outcome
- salt-induced effectse4
- Direction
- alleviatede4
- Comparator
- saline conditione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study focused on the mitigation of the negative impact of salinity stress over time on the growth and development of Phoenix dactylifera plants using compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
e3“in the presence of 240 mM NaCl (saline condition) or 0 mM NaCl (non-saline condition)”
e4“The application of compost and AMF individually or in combination alleviated salt-induced effects through mechanisms such as an increase in nutrient absorption (P, N, K and Ca), photosynthetic pigment content, relative water content, stomatal opening, leaf water potential, photosystem II efficiency, organic osmolyte content (proline and soluble sugars) and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, APX, CAT and POD) and reduction in lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost and AMF increased nutrient absorption in salt-stressed date palm.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- compost and AMFe4
- Interactor
- AMFe4symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrient absorptione4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Qualifier
- P, N, K and Cae4
- Comparator
- saline conditione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study focused on the mitigation of the negative impact of salinity stress over time on the growth and development of Phoenix dactylifera plants using compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
e3“in the presence of 240 mM NaCl (saline condition) or 0 mM NaCl (non-saline condition)”
e4“The application of compost and AMF individually or in combination alleviated salt-induced effects through mechanisms such as an increase in nutrient absorption (P, N, K and Ca), photosynthetic pigment content, relative water content, stomatal opening, leaf water potential, photosystem II efficiency, organic osmolyte content (proline and soluble sugars) and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, APX, CAT and POD) and reduction in lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost and AMF increased photosynthetic pigment content, relative water content and stomatal opening in salt-stressed date palm.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- compost and AMFe4
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigment content, relative water content, stomatal openinge4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Comparator
- saline conditione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study focused on the mitigation of the negative impact of salinity stress over time on the growth and development of Phoenix dactylifera plants using compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
e3“in the presence of 240 mM NaCl (saline condition) or 0 mM NaCl (non-saline condition)”
e4“The application of compost and AMF individually or in combination alleviated salt-induced effects through mechanisms such as an increase in nutrient absorption (P, N, K and Ca), photosynthetic pigment content, relative water content, stomatal opening, leaf water potential, photosystem II efficiency, organic osmolyte content (proline and soluble sugars) and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, APX, CAT and POD) and reduction in lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost and AMF increased leaf water potential and photosystem II efficiency in salt-stressed date palm.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- compost and AMFe4
- Outcome
- leaf water potential, photosystem II efficiencye4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Comparator
- saline conditione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study focused on the mitigation of the negative impact of salinity stress over time on the growth and development of Phoenix dactylifera plants using compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
e3“in the presence of 240 mM NaCl (saline condition) or 0 mM NaCl (non-saline condition)”
e4“The application of compost and AMF individually or in combination alleviated salt-induced effects through mechanisms such as an increase in nutrient absorption (P, N, K and Ca), photosynthetic pigment content, relative water content, stomatal opening, leaf water potential, photosystem II efficiency, organic osmolyte content (proline and soluble sugars) and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, APX, CAT and POD) and reduction in lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost and AMF increased organic osmolyte content in salt-stressed date palm.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- compost and AMFe4
- Outcome
- organic osmolyte content (proline and soluble sugars)e4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Comparator
- saline conditione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study focused on the mitigation of the negative impact of salinity stress over time on the growth and development of Phoenix dactylifera plants using compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
e3“in the presence of 240 mM NaCl (saline condition) or 0 mM NaCl (non-saline condition)”
e4“The application of compost and AMF individually or in combination alleviated salt-induced effects through mechanisms such as an increase in nutrient absorption (P, N, K and Ca), photosynthetic pigment content, relative water content, stomatal opening, leaf water potential, photosystem II efficiency, organic osmolyte content (proline and soluble sugars) and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, APX, CAT and POD) and reduction in lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost and AMF increased antioxidant enzyme activities in salt-stressed date palm.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- compost and AMFe4
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Qualifier
- SOD, APX, CAT and PODe4
- Comparator
- saline conditione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study focused on the mitigation of the negative impact of salinity stress over time on the growth and development of Phoenix dactylifera plants using compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
e3“in the presence of 240 mM NaCl (saline condition) or 0 mM NaCl (non-saline condition)”
e4“The application of compost and AMF individually or in combination alleviated salt-induced effects through mechanisms such as an increase in nutrient absorption (P, N, K and Ca), photosynthetic pigment content, relative water content, stomatal opening, leaf water potential, photosystem II efficiency, organic osmolyte content (proline and soluble sugars) and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, APX, CAT and POD) and reduction in lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost and AMF reduced lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content in salt-stressed date palm.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- compost and AMFe4
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation and H2O2 contente4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Comparator
- saline conditione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study focused on the mitigation of the negative impact of salinity stress over time on the growth and development of Phoenix dactylifera plants using compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
e3“in the presence of 240 mM NaCl (saline condition) or 0 mM NaCl (non-saline condition)”
e4“The application of compost and AMF individually or in combination alleviated salt-induced effects through mechanisms such as an increase in nutrient absorption (P, N, K and Ca), photosynthetic pigment content, relative water content, stomatal opening, leaf water potential, photosystem II efficiency, organic osmolyte content (proline and soluble sugars) and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, APX, CAT and POD) and reduction in lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerance strategies of date palm to salinity were progressively improved over time in plants treated with compost and/or AMF.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie0
- Outcome
- tolerance strategies of date palm to salinitye5
- Direction
- progressively improvede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study focused on the mitigation of the negative impact of salinity stress over time on the growth and development of Phoenix dactylifera plants using compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
e5“Our results also show that the tolerance strategies of date palm to salinity were progressively improved over time in treated plants and especially in date palms grown in the presence of the two biofertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual application of compost and native AMF mitigates the deleterious effects of salinity on date palm, with improved tolerance over time.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferae6
- Treatment
- dual application of compost and native AMFe6
- Outcome
- deleterious effects of salinitye6
- Direction
- mitigatinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“In conclusion, this investigation highlights the effectiveness of dual application of compost and native AMF in mitigating the deleterious effects of salinity on date palm with an improvement in the tolerance over time”
Claim · model-written summary
Between 10 and 14 months of cultivation, date palm growth parameters increased.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse5
- Qualifier
- Between 10 and 14 months of cultivatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study focused on the mitigation of the negative impact of salinity stress over time on the growth and development of Phoenix dactylifera plants using compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
e5“Between 10 and 14 months of cultivation, growth parameters increased with a significant improvement in nutrient contents, a reduction in the concentrations of toxic ions and stress markers, and regulation of the antioxidant system (antioxidant enzyme activity and osmolyte content) in both leaves and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Between 10 and 14 months of cultivation, date palm nutrient contents improved significantly.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Outcome
- nutrient contentse5
- Qualifier
- Between 10 and 14 months of cultivatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study focused on the mitigation of the negative impact of salinity stress over time on the growth and development of Phoenix dactylifera plants using compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
e5“Between 10 and 14 months of cultivation, growth parameters increased with a significant improvement in nutrient contents, a reduction in the concentrations of toxic ions and stress markers, and regulation of the antioxidant system (antioxidant enzyme activity and osmolyte content) in both leaves and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Between 10 and 14 months of cultivation, concentrations of toxic ions and stress markers in date palm were reduced.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Outcome
- concentrations of toxic ions and stress markerse5
- Direction
- reductione5
- Qualifier
- Between 10 and 14 months of cultivatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study focused on the mitigation of the negative impact of salinity stress over time on the growth and development of Phoenix dactylifera plants using compost and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
e5“Between 10 and 14 months of cultivation, growth parameters increased with a significant improvement in nutrient contents, a reduction in the concentrations of toxic ions and stress markers, and regulation of the antioxidant system (antioxidant enzyme activity and osmolyte content) in both leaves and roots”
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8 of 20 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.