Abstract
Ripe berries often results too rich in sugar in recent years, though harvest is done in advance, thus the hypothesis of limiting berry sugar accumulation by lowering canopy carbon assimilation during ripening phase was tested in 2011 season. Post-veraison removal of the most functional leaves on the upper part of the canopy of vertical shoot positioned medium-vigour 'Sangiovese' and 'Montepulciano' grapevines was performed mechanically in a hillside vineyard established in 2006 nearby Ancona, Central Italy. Grapevines, 2.75x1.2 m spaced, were cordon trained and spur pruned. The tractor-mounted Plucker leaf stripper (Tanesini Technology, Faenza, Italy) operated on both side of the canopy on August 26, 2011 (i.e. 28 days after veraison and 34 days before harvest), when berry sugar concentration was already at 22°Brix and total acidity was still around 9-10 g/L. The leaf stripper removed from the upper part of the canopy (0.7-1.0 m above the cordon) 60 and 29% of the leaf area in 'Sangiovese' and 'Montepulciano' respectively. As a consequence, total leaf area per vine lowered by 25% in 'Sangiovese' and 14% in 'Montepulciano'. Leaf/fruit ratio at harvest lowered from 1.18 to 0.73 m2/kg in 'Sangiovese' and from 1.23 to 1.03 m2/kg in 'Montepulciano'. The significant reduction of total leaf area registered in post-veraison defoliated grapevines of both cultivars did not affect yield per vine, bunch and berry weight, total acidity and pH of the must, but lowered juice soluble solids concentration (-0.7°Brix in comparison to control in both cultivars). Post-veraison defoliation negatively affected anthocyanins and polyphenols concentration at harvest in 'Montepulciano' grapevines, but not in 'Sangiovese' ones. Thus mechanical leaf removal, quick and easy to perform late in the season to obtain grapes less rich in sugar, may be detrimental to berry colour according to genotype and should be carefully tested on black-berried cultivars before large scale application.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf stripping removed 60% of upper canopy leaf area in Sangiovese.
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf stripper removed from the upper part of the canopy (0.7-1.0 m above the cordon) 60 and 29% of the leaf area in 'Sangiovese' and 'Montepulciano' respectively.”
t0“post-veraison defoliated grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf stripping removed 29% of upper canopy leaf area in Montepulciano.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf stripper removed from the upper part of the canopy (0.7-1.0 m above the cordon) 60 and 29% of the leaf area in 'Sangiovese' and 'Montepulciano' respectively.”
t0“post-veraison defoliated grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Total leaf area per vine fell 25% in Sangiovese.
- Material
- 'Sangiovese'e0
- Treatment
- defoliatede1
- Outcome
- total leaf area per vinee0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total leaf area per vine lowered by 25% in 'Sangiovese' and 14% in 'Montepulciano'.”
t0“post-veraison defoliated grapevines”
e1“post-veraison defoliated grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Total leaf area per vine fell 14% in Montepulciano.
- Material
- 'Montepulciano'e0
- Treatment
- defoliatede1
- Outcome
- total leaf area per vinee0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 14%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total leaf area per vine lowered by 25% in 'Sangiovese' and 14% in 'Montepulciano'.”
t0“post-veraison defoliated grapevines”
e1“post-veraison defoliated grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf to fruit ratio fell from 1.18 to 0.73 m2/kg in Sangiovese.
- Material
- 'Sangiovese'e0
- Treatment
- defoliatede1
- Outcome
- Leaf/fruit ratioe0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 0.73 m2/kge0
- Qualifier
- 1.18e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf/fruit ratio at harvest lowered from 1.18 to 0.73 m2/kg in 'Sangiovese' and from 1.23 to 1.03 m2/kg in 'Montepulciano'.”
t0“post-veraison defoliated grapevines”
e1“post-veraison defoliated grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf to fruit ratio fell from 1.23 to 1.03 m2/kg in Montepulciano.
- Material
- 'Montepulciano'e0
- Treatment
- defoliatede1
- Outcome
- Leaf/fruit ratioe0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 1.03 m2/kge0
- Qualifier
- 1.23e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf/fruit ratio at harvest lowered from 1.18 to 0.73 m2/kg in 'Sangiovese' and from 1.23 to 1.03 m2/kg in 'Montepulciano'.”
t0“post-veraison defoliated grapevines”
e1“post-veraison defoliated grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation did not affect yield per vine, bunch or berry weight in either cultivar.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not affect yield per vine, bunch and berry weight, total acidity and pH of the must”
e1“post-veraison defoliated grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation did not affect must total acidity or pH in either cultivar.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not affect yield per vine, bunch and berry weight, total acidity and pH of the must”
e1“post-veraison defoliated grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation lowered juice soluble solids by 0.7°Brix versus control in both cultivars.
- Treatment
- defoliatede1
- Outcome
- juice soluble solids concentratione0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- -0.7°Brixe0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowered juice soluble solids concentration (-0.7°Brix in comparison to control in both cultivars).”
e1“post-veraison defoliated grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation reduced anthocyanins concentration in Montepulciano at harvest.
- Material
- 'Montepulciano'e0
- Treatment
- Post-veraison defoliatione0
- Outcome
- anthocyaninse0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Post-veraison defoliation negatively affected anthocyanins and polyphenols concentration at harvest in 'Montepulciano' grapevines, but not in 'Sangiovese' ones.”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation reduced polyphenols concentration in Montepulciano at harvest.
- Material
- 'Montepulciano'e0
- Treatment
- Post-veraison defoliatione0
- Outcome
- polyphenols concentratione0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Post-veraison defoliation negatively affected anthocyanins and polyphenols concentration at harvest in 'Montepulciano' grapevines, but not in 'Sangiovese' ones.”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation did not reduce anthocyanin or polyphenol concentration in Sangiovese.
- Material
- 'Sangiovese'e0
- Treatment
- Post-veraison defoliatione0
- Outcome
- anthocyanins and polyphenols concentratione0
- Direction
- but note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Post-veraison defoliation negatively affected anthocyanins and polyphenols concentration at harvest in 'Montepulciano' grapevines, but not in 'Sangiovese' ones.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend testing late mechanical leaf removal on black-berried cultivars before large scale application because berry colour may suffer.
- Outcome
- carefully tested on black-berried cultivars before large scale applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“may be detrimental to berry colour according to genotype and should be carefully tested on black-berried cultivars before large scale application.”
t0“post-veraison defoliated grapevines”
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