Abstract
Among the various vineyard treatments adopted in recent years for table-grape cultivation, there has been a significant use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and girdling to increase berry size and yield. In particular, an increase in the application of forchlorfenuron (CPPU) and gibberellic acid (GA3) for many seeded and seedless table-grape cultivars has been registered in several countries. In this two-year study, girdling at berry set, gibberellic acid (10 mg/L) applied at berry diameter of 10 to 11 mm, and forchlorfenuron (9.75 mg/L) applied at berry diameter of 11 to 12 mm were investigated to verify their effects on berry size, yield, and chemical and metabolic characteristics of Italia grapes. In general, at harvest all treatments significantly increased berry diameter, length, and weight and consequent cluster weight and yield/vine compared to an untreated control. The treatments showed significant differences for the colorimetric parameters, in particular a higher value of hue for berries treated with GA3 and CPPU, thus shifting the skin color from yellow toward yellow-green. Metabolomic study carried out by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis indicated that metabolic profile depends on the year and, in each year, the effect of treatments consisted of a slight variation of amino acid content. Treatments effects were more pronounced in the year characterized by a cooler summer.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling significantly increased berry size, cluster weight and yield per vine versus untreated control.
Verbatim
t0“Table Grape cv. Italia”
e0“girdling at berry set”
e1“all treatments significantly increased berry diameter, length, and weight and consequent cluster weight and yield/vine compared to an untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid significantly increased berry size, cluster weight and yield per vine versus untreated control.
Verbatim
t0“Table Grape cv. Italia”
e0“gibberellic acid (10 mg/L) applied at berry diameter of 10 to 11 mm”
e1“all treatments significantly increased berry diameter, length, and weight and consequent cluster weight and yield/vine compared to an untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Forchlorfenuron significantly increased berry size, cluster weight and yield per vine versus untreated control.
Verbatim
t0“Table Grape cv. Italia”
e0“forchlorfenuron (9.75 mg/L) applied at berry diameter of 11 to 12 mm”
e1“all treatments significantly increased berry diameter, length, and weight and consequent cluster weight and yield/vine compared to an untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 produced higher berry hue and shifted skin color toward yellow-green.
- Taxon
- Table Grapet0
- Material
- Italiat0
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- huee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- shifting the skin color from yellow toward yellow-greene0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Table Grape cv. Italia”
e0“a higher value of hue for berries treated with GA3 and CPPU, thus shifting the skin color from yellow toward yellow-green”
Claim · model-written summary
CPPU produced higher berry hue and shifted skin color toward yellow-green.
- Taxon
- Table Grapet0
- Material
- Italiat0
- Treatment
- CPPUe0
- Outcome
- huee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- shifting the skin color from yellow toward yellow-greene0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Table Grape cv. Italia”
e0“a higher value of hue for berries treated with GA3 and CPPU, thus shifting the skin color from yellow toward yellow-green”
Claim · model-written summary
Grape metabolic profile depended on year.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Table Grape cv. Italia”
e0“metabolic profile depends on the year”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments caused slight variation in grape amino acid content each year.
- Taxon
- Table Grapet0
- Material
- Italiat0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- amino acid contente0
- Qualifier
- slight variatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“Table Grape cv. Italia”
e0“in each year, the effect of treatments consisted of a slight variation of amino acid content”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment effects were more pronounced in the cooler-summer year.
Verbatim
t0“Table Grape cv. Italia”
e0“Treatments effects were more pronounced in the year characterized by a cooler summer.”
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See all 107 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.