Abstract
This study aimed to determine the appropriate steam treatment conditions, using a steam nursery cabinet, to break the dormancy of Japanese rice cultivar seeds exhibiting various dormancy levels. The influence of the temperature and duration of the steam treatments on the germination percentage and germination rate was investigated. In highly dormant ‘Takanari’ seeds, the steam treatment at 40 °C for 7 d increased the germination percentage and decreased the 50% germination time (T50S; based on seed number); this treatment was as effective as the dry heat treatment at 50 °C for 7 d. For the medium dormant ‘Moeminori’ and ‘Hitomebore’ seeds, the steam treatment at 40 °C for 5 d decreased T50S sufficiently and more effectively than did the dry heat treatment at 50 °C for 7 d. For the slightly dormant ‘Moeminori’ seeds, the steam treatment at temperatures ranging from 24 °C to 40 °C for 7 d decreased T50S without a corresponding decrease in germination percentage to <90%. For the non-dormant ‘Moeminori’ and ‘Takanari’ seeds, the same steam treatments had no, or a little if any, useful effect on the germination percentage and T50S. Therefore, we concluded that, for the highly dormant seeds, steam treatment at 40 °C for 7 d was appropriate. Moreover, for less dormant seeds, steam treatment at 40 °C for 5 d was appropriate, and the steam treatment was not necessary for the non-dormant seeds.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
At 40 °C for 7 d, steam increased germination percentage of highly dormant Takanari seeds.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- ‘Takanari’e0
- Treatment
- steam treatment at 40 °C for 7 de0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In highly dormant ‘Takanari’ seeds, the steam treatment at 40 °C for 7 d increased the germination percentage and decreased the 50% germination time (T50S; based on seed number); this treatment was as effective as the dry heat treatment at 50 °C for 7 d.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At 40 °C for 7 d, steam decreased T50S of highly dormant Takanari seeds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- ‘Takanari’e0
- Treatment
- steam treatment at 40 °C for 7 de0
- Outcome
- 50% germination timee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- dry heat treatment at 50 °C for 7 de0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In highly dormant ‘Takanari’ seeds, the steam treatment at 40 °C for 7 d increased the germination percentage and decreased the 50% germination time (T50S; based on seed number); this treatment was as effective as the dry heat treatment at 50 °C for 7 d.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
For medium dormant Moeminori, 40 °C steam for 5 d decreased T50S more effectively than dry heat.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- ‘Moeminori’e0
- Treatment
- steam treatment at 40 °C for 5 de0
- Outcome
- T50Se0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- dry heat treatment at 50 °C for 7 de0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the medium dormant ‘Moeminori’ and ‘Hitomebore’ seeds, the steam treatment at 40 °C for 5 d decreased T50S sufficiently and more effectively than did the dry heat treatment at 50 °C for 7 d.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
For medium dormant Hitomebore, 40 °C steam for 5 d decreased T50S more effectively than dry heat.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- ‘Hitomebore’e0
- Treatment
- steam treatment at 40 °C for 5 de0
- Outcome
- T50Se0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- dry heat treatment at 50 °C for 7 de0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the medium dormant ‘Moeminori’ and ‘Hitomebore’ seeds, the steam treatment at 40 °C for 5 d decreased T50S sufficiently and more effectively than did the dry heat treatment at 50 °C for 7 d.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
For slightly dormant Moeminori, 24–40 °C steam for 7 d decreased T50S.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- ‘Moeminori’e0
- Treatment
- steam treatment at temperatures ranging from 24 °C to 40 °C for 7 de0
- Outcome
- T50Se0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the slightly dormant ‘Moeminori’ seeds, the steam treatment at temperatures ranging from 24 °C to 40 °C for 7 d decreased T50S without a corresponding decrease in germination percentage to <90%.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The same steam treatment did not lower germination percentage below 90% in slightly dormant Moeminori.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- ‘Moeminori’e0
- Treatment
- steam treatment at temperatures ranging from 24 °C to 40 °C for 7 de0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- without a corresponding decreasee0
- Value
- <90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the slightly dormant ‘Moeminori’ seeds, the steam treatment at temperatures ranging from 24 °C to 40 °C for 7 d decreased T50S without a corresponding decrease in germination percentage to <90%.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Steam had little or no useful germination effect in non-dormant Moeminori.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- ‘Moeminori’e0
- Treatment
- same steam treatmentse0
- Outcome
- germination percentage and T50Se0
- Direction
- no, or a little if anye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the non-dormant ‘Moeminori’ and ‘Takanari’ seeds, the same steam treatments had no, or a little if any, useful effect on the germination percentage and T50S.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Steam had little or no useful germination effect in non-dormant Takanari.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- ‘Takanari’e0
- Treatment
- same steam treatmentse0
- Outcome
- germination percentage and T50Se0
- Direction
- no, or a little if anye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the non-dormant ‘Moeminori’ and ‘Takanari’ seeds, the same steam treatments had no, or a little if any, useful effect on the germination percentage and T50S.”
t0“rice”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.