Abstract
Fumigation of seeds is one of the quarantine precautions directed against the international spread of pests. Seed treatment should ward off the pests without hampering seed germination and vigor. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fumigation with phosphine at different doses, exposure times, and seed moisture contents, and after the seed has been treated with fungicides on seed germination and seedling vigor in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). The fumigated seed was evaluated for germination and vigor, initially and after 90 d of storage. At the normal recommended dose of 3 g m −3 , fumigation did not affect germination or vigor. At 6 g m −3 , vigor decreased. The effect became more perceptible after 90 d of storage. Long exposure time (6 d) showed deleterious effects. Entry differences were not significant under any of the treatments with respect to germination percentage, shoot length, root length, and seedling dry weight. However, such differences were evident in the degree of seed leaching as measured by the electrical conductivity of the leachates, and dehydrogenase activity, when seed was fumigated with a higher dose (6 g m −3 ) of phosphine and evaluated after 90 d of storage. There were no interaction effects between fungicidal treatment with Benlate [methyl l‐(butylcarbamoyl)‐2‐benzimi dazole carbamate] or Dithane M‐45 (zinc ion and manganese ethylene bisdithio carbamate) and fumigation on seed germination and vigor.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphine fumigation at 3 g m −3 did not affect rice seed germination or vigor.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- 3 g m −3 , fumigatione0
- Outcome
- germination or vigore0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the normal recommended dose of 3 g m −3 , fumigation did not affect germination or vigor”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At 6 g m −3, phosphine reduced rice seed vigor.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 6 g m −3e0
- Outcome
- vigore0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 6 g m −3 , vigor decreased”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The adverse vigor effect was more perceptible after 90 d of storage.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- more perceptiblee0
- Setting
- 90 d of storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect became more perceptible after 90 d of storage”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Six-day phosphine exposure had deleterious effects on rice seed performance.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Long exposure time (6 d)e0
- Outcome
- deleterious effectse0
- Direction
- deleteriouse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Long exposure time (6 d) showed deleterious effects”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice entry differences were not significant for germination percentage, shoot length and root length under the tested treatments.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Entrye0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- germination percentage, shoot length, root lengthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Entry differences were not significant under any of the treatments with respect to germination percentage, shoot length, root length, and seedling dry weight”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice entry differences in seedling dry weight were not significant.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Entrye0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- seedling dry weighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Entry differences were not significant under any of the treatments with respect to germination percentage, shoot length, root length, and seedling dry weight”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice entries differed in seed leaching after high-dose phosphine and 90 d of storage.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- seede0
- Treatment
- 6 g m −3 ) of phosphinee0
- Outcome
- degree of seed leachinge0
- Direction
- differences were evidente0
- Setting
- 90 d of storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“such differences were evident in the degree of seed leaching as measured by the electrical conductivity of the leachates, and dehydrogenase activity, when seed was fumigated with a higher dose (6 g m −3 ) of phosphine and evaluated after 90 d of storage”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice entries differed in dehydrogenase activity after high-dose phosphine and 90 d of storage.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- seede0
- Treatment
- 6 g m −3 ) of phosphinee0
- Outcome
- dehydrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- differences were evidente0
- Setting
- 90 d of storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“such differences were evident in the degree of seed leaching as measured by the electrical conductivity of the leachates, and dehydrogenase activity, when seed was fumigated with a higher dose (6 g m −3 ) of phosphine and evaluated after 90 d of storage”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Benlate treatment showed no interaction with phosphine fumigation for rice seed germination and vigor.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Benlatee0
- Outcome
- seed germination and vigore0
- Direction
- no interaction effectse0
- Comparator
- fumigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no interaction effects between fungicidal treatment with Benlate [methyl l‐(butylcarbamoyl)‐2‐benzimi dazole carbamate] or Dithane M‐45 (zinc ion and manganese ethylene bisdithio carbamate) and fumigation on seed germination and vigor”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Dithane M-45 treatment showed no interaction with phosphine fumigation for rice seed germination and vigor.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Dithane M‐45e0
- Outcome
- seed germination and vigore0
- Direction
- no interaction effectse0
- Comparator
- fumigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no interaction effects between fungicidal treatment with Benlate [methyl l‐(butylcarbamoyl)‐2‐benzimi dazole carbamate] or Dithane M‐45 (zinc ion and manganese ethylene bisdithio carbamate) and fumigation on seed germination and vigor”
t0“Rice”
The same questions in other papers
solarization · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.