Abstract
Two series of experimental fumigations were performed in 1959 and ]960 to evaluate the effectiveness of phosphine at various dosages for insect control in stacks of sacked rough and milled rice covered with gas-tight tarpaulins. The effect of the gas on adult and immature stages of rice weevils, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and adult confused flour beetles, Tribolium confusum Jacqueline du Val, and on germination of seed rice was observed. The gas concentration was analyzed at regular intervals. Complete control of adults of both species was obtained from all dosages used. Grain temperatures in the second series of tests were much higher than those in the first series, and this appeared to alter the performance of the fumigant significantly. A dosage between 73 and 121 aluminum phosphide tablets per 1,000 cubic feet was required to kill 100% of immature rice weevils in rough rice when the temperature averaged between 52° and 58° F. Fifty tablets per 1,000 cubic feet proved to be an ample dosage in milled rice at an average temperature between 80° and 90° F. Germination of seed rice was not affected by fumigation with any dosage or combination of dosages of phosphine that was used under the conditions of this test.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
All tested dosages completely controlled adult rice weevils.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- all dosages usede0
- Interactor
- rice weevils
Sitophilus oryzaet0pest - Outcome
- Complete control of adultse0
- Direction
- Complete controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Complete control of adults of both species was obtained from all dosages used.”
t0“rice weevils, Sitophilus oryzae (L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested dosages completely controlled adult confused flour beetles.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- all dosages usede0
- Interactor
- confused flour beetles
Tribolium confusume0pest - Outcome
- Complete control of adultse0
- Direction
- Complete controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of the gas on adult and immature stages of rice weevils, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and adult confused flour beetles, Tribolium confusum Jacqueline du Val, and on germination of seed rice was observed. The gas concentration was analyzed at regular intervals. Complete control of adults of both species was obtained from all dosages used.”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature differences appeared to alter fumigant performance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- performance of the fumigante0
- Setting
- Grain temperaturese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain temperatures in the second series of tests were much higher than those in the first series, and this appeared to alter the performance of the fumigant significantly.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Between 73 and 121 tablets per 1,000 cubic feet killed all immature rice weevils in rough rice at 52–58°F.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- between 73 and 121 aluminum phosphide tablets per 1,000 cubic feete0
- Interactor
- rice weevilsSitophilus oryzaee0pest
- Outcome
- kill 100% of immature rice weevilse0
- Direction
- kille0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- between 52° and 58° Fe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A dosage between 73 and 121 aluminum phosphide tablets per 1,000 cubic feet was required to kill 100% of immature rice weevils in rough rice when the temperature averaged between 52° and 58° F.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fifty tablets per 1,000 cubic feet sufficed in milled rice at 80–90°F.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- ample dosagee0
- Value
- Fifty tablets per 1,000 cubic feete0
- Qualifier
- between 80° and 90° Fe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fifty tablets per 1,000 cubic feet proved to be an ample dosage in milled rice at an average temperature between 80° and 90° F.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphine fumigation did not affect rice seed germination at tested dosages.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- fumigation with any dosage or combination of dosages of phosphinee0
- Outcome
- Germination of seed ricee0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination of seed rice was not affected by fumigation with any dosage or combination of dosages of phosphine that was used under the conditions of this test.”
The same questions in other papers
phosphine · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
solarization · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.