Abstract
In general, organic grown apples (Malus x domestica Borkh.) are not treated with chemical fungicides to prevent storage decay and these fruits may suffer up to 30% decay during storage. Preliminary experiments had shown that hot water dipping of apples may be an alternative. To inhibit Gloeosporium rot (Pezicula alba, P. malicortis) water temperature may be of about 50°C and dipping time from 60 sec up to 180 sec. The present investigation was conducted to test different ranges of temperatures (49°C, 51°C, 53°C) and dipping time periods (60 sec, 120 sec, 180 sec) in 'Ingrid Marie' apple cultivar. The objective was to determinate the suitable hot water treatment that prevent decay incidence and maintain fruit quality (firmness, scale symptoms). Monilla fructigena was reduced up to 83% by the hot water treatment at 53°C and 180 sec dipping time. With this treatment Gloeosporium rot was also reduced up to 92% but the incidence of decay with Nectria galligena increased in the 60 sec treatment at all temperatures. Scale symptoms were found when the fruits were treated at 51°C and 180 sec. There was no effect on fruit firmness after the heat treatment. For the reduction of post harvest decay, the treatment 53°C and 180 sec is recommended. For cultivars with a high sensitivity to skin disorders it is recommended dips for 120 sec or 180 sec at the highest cultivar specific temperature showing no symptoms.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Hot water treatment at 53°C for 180 sec reduced Monilla fructigena in Malus x domestica apples by up to 83%.
- Taxon
- Malus x domestica
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- Ingrid Mariee2
- Treatment
- hot water treatment at 53°C and 180 sec dipping timee1
- Interactor
- Monilla fructigenae1pathogen
- Outcome
- Monilla fructigenae1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 83%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic grown apples (Malus x domestica Borkh.)”
e1“Monilla fructigena was reduced up to 83% by the hot water treatment at 53°C and 180 sec dipping time”
e2“in 'Ingrid Marie' apple cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Hot water treatment at 53°C for 180 sec reduced Gloeosporium rot in Malus x domestica apples by up to 92%.
- Taxon
- Malus x domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- hot water treatment at 53°C and 180 sec dipping timee1
- Interactor
- Pezicula albaPhlyctema vagabundae3pathogen
- Outcome
- Gloeosporium rote2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 92%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic grown apples (Malus x domestica Borkh.)”
e1“Monilla fructigena was reduced up to 83% by the hot water treatment at 53°C and 180 sec dipping time”
e2“With this treatment Gloeosporium rot was also reduced up to 92%”
e3“Gloeosporium rot (Pezicula alba, P. malicortis)”
Claim · model-written summary
A 60 sec hot water treatment increased Nectria galligena decay incidence in apples at all tested temperatures.
- Taxon
- Malus x domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- 60 sec treatmente1
- Interactor
- Nectria galligena
Neonectria galligenae1pathogen - Outcome
- incidence of decaye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- at all temperaturese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic grown apples (Malus x domestica Borkh.)”
e1“the incidence of decay with Nectria galligena increased in the 60 sec treatment at all temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Scale symptoms appeared on Malus x domestica fruit treated at 51°C for 180 sec.
- Taxon
- Malus x domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- 51°C and 180 sece1
- Outcome
- Scale symptomse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic grown apples (Malus x domestica Borkh.)”
e1“Scale symptoms were found when the fruits were treated at 51°C and 180 sec”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat treatment had no effect on Malus x domestica fruit firmness.
- Taxon
- Malus x domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- heat treatmente1
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic grown apples (Malus x domestica Borkh.)”
e1“There was no effect on fruit firmness after the heat treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 53°C for 180 sec to reduce postharvest decay in apples.
- Taxon
- Malus x domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- the treatment 53°C and 180 sece1
- Outcome
- reduction of post harvest decaye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic grown apples (Malus x domestica Borkh.)”
e1“For the reduction of post harvest decay, the treatment 53°C and 180 sec is recommended”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend dips for 120 or 180 sec at the highest cultivar-specific temperature without symptoms for apples sensitive to skin disorders.
- Taxon
- Malus x domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- dips for 120 sec or 180 sec at the highest cultivar specific temperaturee1
- Qualifier
- For cultivars with a high sensitivity to skin disorderse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic grown apples (Malus x domestica Borkh.)”
e1“For cultivars with a high sensitivity to skin disorders it is recommended dips for 120 sec or 180 sec at the highest cultivar specific temperature showing no symptoms”
The same questions in other papers
heat · quality: postharvest · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 34 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
38 papers more in this group
See all 42 papers →application · Phlyctema vagabunda · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
heat · Phlyctema vagabunda · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.