Abstract
Preconditioning `Mesa 659' lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds with the moist solid carrier Micro-Cel E at 15C for 20 hours removed thermoinhibition and allowed the seeds to germinate at 35C. Participation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and its use in the removal of thermoinhibition were indicated from the following: a) the ACC level in the preconditioned seeds peaked before germination at 35C; b) addition of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), an inhibitor of ACC synthesis, reduced the ACC level and inhibited germination at 35C; c) response of preconditioned seeds to ethylene at 35C preceded that of ACC; d) exogenous ACC, (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ETH, ethephon), or ethylene reversed the inhibitory effect of AVG and restored the capability of the seed to germinate at 35C; e) Co +2 , an inhibitor of the ACC-to-ethylene step, partially inhibited germination of preconditioned seeds at 35C, and the effect was reversed by ETH. The major free polyamines in dry seed were spermidine (Spd) and putrescine (Put). An increase in polyamine level occurred following transfer of conditioned seeds to 35C. Of the various polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors, difluoromethylarginine and cyclohexylammonium sulfate inhibited an increase in Spd and Put levels only after germination, whereas difluoromethyorinthine had no effect on polyamine biosynthesis. None of these inhibitors affected the relief of thermoinhibition. Thus, the increase in polyamine level during germination at 35C does not appear to be associated with the alleviation of thermoinhibition.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The ACC level in preconditioned lettuce seeds peaked before germination at 35C.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Material
- Mesa 659e1
- Treatment
- Preconditioninge1
- Outcome
- ACC levele2
- Qualifier
- before germination at 35Ce2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preconditioned Lettuce Seeds”
e1“Preconditioning `Mesa 659' lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds with the moist solid carrier Micro-Cel E at 15C for 20 hours removed thermoinhibition and allowed the seeds to germinate at 35C”
e2“the ACC level in the preconditioned seeds peaked before germination at 35C”
Claim · model-written summary
Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) reduced the ACC level in lettuce seeds.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- addition of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)e3
- Outcome
- ACC levele3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preconditioned Lettuce Seeds”
e3“addition of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), an inhibitor of ACC synthesis, reduced the ACC level and inhibited germination at 35C”
Claim · model-written summary
Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) inhibited germination at 35C.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- addition of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)e3
- Outcome
- germination at 35Ce3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preconditioned Lettuce Seeds”
e3“addition of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), an inhibitor of ACC synthesis, reduced the ACC level and inhibited germination at 35C”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ACC, ethephon or ethylene restored germination at 35C in AVG-treated seeds.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenous ACC, (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ETH, ethephon), or ethylenee4
- Outcome
- capability of the seed to germinate at 35Ce4
- Direction
- restorede4
- Comparator
- AVGe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preconditioned Lettuce Seeds”
e4“exogenous ACC, (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ETH, ethephon), or ethylene reversed the inhibitory effect of AVG and restored the capability of the seed to germinate at 35C”
Claim · model-written summary
Co +2 partially inhibited germination of preconditioned seeds at 35C.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Co +2e5
- Outcome
- germination of preconditioned seeds at 35Ce5
- Direction
- inhibitede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preconditioned Lettuce Seeds”
e5“Co +2 , an inhibitor of the ACC-to-ethylene step, partially inhibited germination of preconditioned seeds at 35C, and the effect was reversed by ETH”
Claim · model-written summary
Preconditioned seeds responded to ethylene at 35C before they responded to ACC.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- response of preconditioned seeds to ethylene at 35Ce6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preconditioned Lettuce Seeds”
e6“response of preconditioned seeds to ethylene at 35C preceded that of ACC”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyamine level increased after transfer of conditioned seeds to 35C.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- transfer of conditioned seeds to 35Ce7
- Outcome
- polyamine levele7
- Direction
- increasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preconditioned Lettuce Seeds”
e7“An increase in polyamine level occurred following transfer of conditioned seeds to 35C”
Claim · model-written summary
Difluoromethylarginine and cyclohexylammonium sulfate inhibited the increase in Spd and Put levels only after germination.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- difluoromethylarginine and cyclohexylammonium sulfatee0
- Outcome
- increase in Spd and Put levelse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- only after germinatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preconditioned Lettuce Seeds”
e0“difluoromethylarginine and cyclohexylammonium sulfate inhibited an increase in Spd and Put levels only after germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Difluoromethyorinthine had no effect on polyamine biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- difluoromethyorinthinee0
- Outcome
- polyamine biosynthesise0
- Direction
- had no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preconditioned Lettuce Seeds”
e0“difluoromethyorinthine had no effect on polyamine biosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
The polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors did not affect the relief of thermoinhibition.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- these inhibitorse0
- Outcome
- relief of thermoinhibitione0
- Direction
- affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preconditioned Lettuce Seeds”
e0“None of these inhibitors affected the relief of thermoinhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in polyamine level during germination at 35C does not appear to be associated with relief of thermoinhibition.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Compound
- polyaminee0
- Outcome
- alleviation of thermoinhibitione0
- Direction
- does not appear to be associatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Preconditioned Lettuce Seeds”
e0“the increase in polyamine level during germination at 35C does not appear to be associated with the alleviation of thermoinhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene, not polyamine biosynthesis, is involved in alleviating thermoinhibition in preconditioned lettuce seeds.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat1
- Compound
- Ethylenet1
- Outcome
- Alleviation of Thermoinhibitiont1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Alleviation of Thermoinhibition in Preconditioned Lettuce Seeds Involves Ethylene, Not Polyamine Biosynthesis”
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.