Abstract
Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the key step for genetic improvement of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) through genetic engineering mediated by Agrobacteria, but the molecular mechanisms underlying SE in cotton is still unclear. Here, RNA-Sequencing was used to analyze the genes expressed during SE and their expression dynamics using RNAs isolated from non-embryogenic callus (NEC), embryogenic callus (EC) and somatic embryos (SEs). A total of 101, 670 unigenes were de novo assembled. The genes differentially expressed (DEGs) amongst NEC, EC and SEs were identified, annotated and classified. More DEGs were found between SEs and EC than between EC and NEC. A significant number of DEGs were related to hormone homeostasis, stress and ROS responses, and metabolism of polyamines. To confirm the expression dynamics of selected DEGs involved in various pathways, experiments were set up to investigate the effects of hormones (Indole-3-butytric acid, IBA; Kinetin, KT), polyamines, H2O2 and stresses on SE. Our results showed that exogenous application of IBA and KT positively regulated the development of EC and SEs, and that polyamines and H2O2 promoted the conversion of EC into SEs. Furthermore, we found that low and moderate stress is beneficial for proliferation of EC and SEs formation. Together, our global analysis of transcriptomic dynamics reveals that hormone homeostasis, polyamines, and stress response synergistically regulating SE in cotton.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
A total of 101,670 unigenes were de novo assembled from cotton somatic embryogenesis samples.
Verbatim
t0“De novo transcriptome analysis reveals insights into dynamic homeostasis regulation of somatic embryogenesis in upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.)”
e2“A total of 101, 670 unigenes were de novo assembled”
Claim · model-written summary
More differentially expressed genes were found between SEs and EC than between EC and NEC.
Verbatim
t0“De novo transcriptome analysis reveals insights into dynamic homeostasis regulation of somatic embryogenesis in upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.)”
e3“More DEGs were found between SEs and EC than between EC and NEC”
Claim · model-written summary
A significant number of DEGs were related to hormone homeostasis, stress and ROS responses, and polyamine metabolism.
Verbatim
t0“De novo transcriptome analysis reveals insights into dynamic homeostasis regulation of somatic embryogenesis in upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.)”
e4“A significant number of DEGs were related to hormone homeostasis, stress and ROS responses, and metabolism of polyamines”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous application of IBA and KT positively regulated the development of embryogenic callus and somatic embryos.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Treatment
- exogenous application of IBA and KTe5
- Outcome
- development of EC and SEse5
- Direction
- positively regulatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“genetic improvement of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
e5“Our results showed that exogenous application of IBA and KT positively regulated the development of EC and SEs”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyamines and H2O2 promoted the conversion of embryogenic callus into somatic embryos.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- polyamines and H2O2e6
- Outcome
- conversion of EC into SEse6
- Direction
- promotede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“genetic improvement of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
e6“polyamines and H2O2 promoted the conversion of EC into SEs”
Claim · model-written summary
Low and moderate stress is beneficial for proliferation of embryogenic callus and somatic embryo formation.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- low and moderate stresse7
- Outcome
- proliferation of EC and SEs formatione7
- Direction
- beneficiale7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“genetic improvement of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
e7“low and moderate stress is beneficial for proliferation of EC and SEs formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Hormone homeostasis, polyamines and stress response are suggested to synergistically regulate somatic embryogenesis in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Outcome
- regulating SEe0
- Qualifier
- hormone homeostasis, polyamines, and stress response synergisticallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“genetic improvement of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
e0“Together, our global analysis of transcriptomic dynamics reveals that hormone homeostasis, polyamines, and stress response synergistically regulating SE in cotton”
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