Abstract
The physiological roles of PAs (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) were investigated for their ability to confer salt tolerance (200 mM NaCl, 48 h) in mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata L. cv. BARI Mung-2). Salt stress resulted in Na toxicity, decreased K, Ca, Mg, and Zn contents in roots and shoots, and disrupted antioxidant defense system which caused oxidative damage as indicated by increased lipid peroxidation, H2O2 content, [Formula: see text] generation rate, and lipoxygenase activity. Salinity-induced methylglyoxal (MG) toxicity was also clearly evident. Salinity decreased leaf chlorophyll (chl) and relative water content (RWC). Supplementation of salt affected seedlings with exogenous PAs enhanced the contents of glutathione and ascorbate, increased activities of antioxidant enzymes (dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and glyoxalase enzyme (glyoxalase II), which reduced salt-induced oxidative stress and MG toxicity, respectively. Exogenous PAs reduced cellular Na content and maintained nutrient homeostasis and modulated endogenous PAs levels in salt affected mung bean seedlings. The overall salt tolerance was reflected through improved tissue water and chl content, and better seedling growth.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress caused Na toxicity and reduced K, Ca, Mg, and Zn in mung bean roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatae1 - Material
- BARI Mung-2e1
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- Na toxicitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress resulted in Na toxicity, decreased K, Ca, Mg, and Zn contents in roots and shoots”
e1“mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata L. cv. BARI Mung-2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced K, Ca, Mg, and Zn contents in roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatae1
- Material
- BARI Mung-2e1
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- K, Ca, Mg, and Zn contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress resulted in Na toxicity, decreased K, Ca, Mg, and Zn contents in roots and shoots”
e1“mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata L. cv. BARI Mung-2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatae2
- Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation, H2O2 contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased lipid peroxidation, H2O2 content, [Formula: see text] generation rate, and lipoxygenase activity”
e1“Salt stress resulted in Na toxicity”
e2“mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata L. cv. BARI Mung-2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased the reported generation rate and lipoxygenase activity.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatae2
- Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- [Formula: see text] generation rate, and lipoxygenase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased lipid peroxidation, H2O2 content, [Formula: see text] generation rate, and lipoxygenase activity”
e1“Salt stress resulted in Na toxicity”
e2“mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata L. cv. BARI Mung-2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity caused methylglyoxal toxicity in mung bean seedlings.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- methylglyoxal (MG) toxicitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity-induced methylglyoxal (MG) toxicity was also clearly evident”
e1“mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata L. cv. BARI Mung-2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced leaf chlorophyll and relative water content.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatae1
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll (chl) and relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased leaf chlorophyll (chl) and relative water content (RWC)”
e1“mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata L. cv. BARI Mung-2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous polyamines increased glutathione and ascorbate in salt affected seedlings.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- exogenous PAse0
- Outcome
- contents of glutathione and ascorbatee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplementation of salt affected seedlings with exogenous PAs enhanced the contents of glutathione and ascorbate”
e1“mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata L. cv. BARI Mung-2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous polyamines increased dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, and catalase activities.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatae2
- Treatment
- exogenous PAse1
- Gene
- dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, catalasee0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased activities of antioxidant enzymes (dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase)”
e1“Supplementation of salt affected seedlings with exogenous PAs”
e2“mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata L. cv. BARI Mung-2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous polyamines increased glutathione peroxidase and glyoxalase II activities.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatae3
- Treatment
- exogenous PAse2
- Gene
- glutathione peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glutathione peroxidase) and glyoxalase enzyme (glyoxalase II)”
e1“increased activities of antioxidant enzymes”
e2“Supplementation of salt affected seedlings with exogenous PAs”
e3“mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata L. cv. BARI Mung-2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous polyamines reduced salt-induced oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatae2
- Treatment
- exogenous PAse1
- Outcome
- salt-induced oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which reduced salt-induced oxidative stress and MG toxicity, respectively”
e1“Supplementation of salt affected seedlings with exogenous PAs”
e2“mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata L. cv. BARI Mung-2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous polyamines reduced methylglyoxal toxicity.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatae2
- Treatment
- exogenous PAse1
- Outcome
- MG toxicitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which reduced salt-induced oxidative stress and MG toxicity, respectively”
e1“Supplementation of salt affected seedlings with exogenous PAs”
e2“mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata L. cv. BARI Mung-2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous polyamines reduced cellular Na content in salt affected mung bean seedlings.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- Exogenous PAse0
- Outcome
- cellular Na contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous PAs reduced cellular Na content and maintained nutrient homeostasis and modulated endogenous PAs levels in salt affected mung bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous polyamines maintained nutrient homeostasis in salt affected mung bean seedlings.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- Exogenous PAse0
- Outcome
- nutrient homeostasise0
- Direction
- maintainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous PAs reduced cellular Na content and maintained nutrient homeostasis and modulated endogenous PAs levels in salt affected mung bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous polyamines modulated endogenous polyamine levels in salt affected mung bean seedlings.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- Exogenous PAse0
- Outcome
- endogenous PAs levelse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous PAs reduced cellular Na content and maintained nutrient homeostasis and modulated endogenous PAs levels in salt affected mung bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyamine treatment improved tissue water and chlorophyll content in salt affected seedlings.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- Exogenous PAse1
- Outcome
- tissue water and chl contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overall salt tolerance was reflected through improved tissue water and chl content, and better seedling growth”
e1“Exogenous PAs reduced cellular Na content and maintained nutrient homeostasis and modulated endogenous PAs levels in salt affected mung bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyamine treatment improved seedling growth under salt stress.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- Exogenous PAse1
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overall salt tolerance was reflected through improved tissue water and chl content, and better seedling growth”
e1“Exogenous PAs reduced cellular Na content and maintained nutrient homeostasis and modulated endogenous PAs levels in salt affected mung bean seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · nutrient: content · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →salinity · physiology: enzyme activity · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →salinity · physiology: water · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree
12 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →salinity · physiology: oxidative · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree
20 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.