Abstract
Background and Aims Insolation of grape bunches has long been postulated to enhance the flavour of aromatic grape cultivars. This hypothesis was tested by combining gene expression and metabolic analysis of the monoterpene and flavonol synthesis pathways. Methods and Results Grape bunches were shaded or shaded and reilluminated to investigate the influence of light on the monoterpene and flavonol biosynthetic pathways. The expression of terpenoid and flavonol metabolic genes was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction under light and shade conditions during the ripening phase and compared to the accumulation of their respective metabolic products. Expression of flavonol synthase and flavonol glycosyltransferase genes was virtually absent in shaded bunches, but expression increased strongly upon reillumination, as did the flavonol content of the berries. The expression of the terpene synthase genes as well as the monoterpene content were greatly reduced in shaded bunches, and then increased upon reillumination. The expression of terpene glycosyltransferases was affected only slightly by light. Conclusions The results of this study show the positive influence of light on monoterpene and flavonol biosynthesis. Significance of the Study Optimising the light exposure of grape berries enables the viticulturist to manipulate grape berry aroma and consequently the composition of wine.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonol synthase and flavonol glycosyltransferase expression was virtually absent in shaded bunches.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaL.
Vitis viniferat0 - Material
- Rieslingt0
- Treatment
- shadede0
- Gene
- flavonol synthase and flavonol glycosyltransferasee0
- Outcome
- Expression of flavonol synthase and flavonol glycosyltransferase genese0
- Direction
- virtually absente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of flavonol synthase and flavonol glycosyltransferase genes was virtually absent in shaded bunches”
t0“Vitis viniferaL. cv. Riesling”
Claim · model-written summary
Reillumination strongly increased flavonol metabolic gene expression.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaL.Vitis viniferat0
- Material
- Rieslingt0
- Treatment
- reilluminatione0
- Gene
- flavonol synthase and flavonol glycosyltransferasee0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- increased stronglye0
- Comparator
- shaded bunchese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of flavonol synthase and flavonol glycosyltransferase genes was virtually absent in shaded bunches, but expression increased strongly upon reillumination”
t0“Vitis viniferaL. cv. Riesling”
Claim · model-written summary
Reillumination increased berry flavonol content.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaL.Vitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- berriese0
- Treatment
- reilluminatione0
- Outcome
- flavonol contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression increased strongly upon reillumination, as did the flavonol content of the berries.”
t0“Vitis viniferaL. cv. Riesling”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading greatly reduced terpene synthase gene expression.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaL.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- shadede0
- Gene
- terpene synthasee0
- Outcome
- expression of the terpene synthase genese0
- Direction
- greatly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of the terpene synthase genes as well as the monoterpene content were greatly reduced in shaded bunches, and then increased upon reillumination.”
t0“Vitis viniferaL. cv. Riesling”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading greatly reduced monoterpene content.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaL.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- shadede0
- Outcome
- monoterpene contente0
- Direction
- greatly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of the terpene synthase genes as well as the monoterpene content were greatly reduced in shaded bunches, and then increased upon reillumination.”
t0“Vitis viniferaL. cv. Riesling”
Claim · model-written summary
Reillumination increased terpene synthase gene expression.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaL.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- reilluminatione0
- Gene
- terpene synthasee0
- Outcome
- expression of the terpene synthase genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- shaded bunchese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of the terpene synthase genes as well as the monoterpene content were greatly reduced in shaded bunches, and then increased upon reillumination.”
t0“Vitis viniferaL. cv. Riesling”
Claim · model-written summary
Reillumination increased monoterpene content.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaL.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- reilluminatione0
- Outcome
- monoterpene contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- shaded bunchese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of the terpene synthase genes as well as the monoterpene content were greatly reduced in shaded bunches, and then increased upon reillumination.”
t0“Vitis viniferaL. cv. Riesling”
Claim · model-written summary
Light only slightly affected terpene glycosyltransferase expression, with direction unstated.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaL.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- lighte0
- Outcome
- expression of terpene glycosyltransferasese0
- Qualifier
- only slightlye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of terpene glycosyltransferases was affected only slightly by light.”
t0“Vitis viniferaL. cv. Riesling”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimizing berry light exposure enables management of grape aroma and wine composition.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaL.Vitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- Optimising the light exposure of grape berriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimising the light exposure of grape berries enables the viticulturist to manipulate grape berry aroma and consequently the composition of wine.”
t0“Vitis viniferaL. cv. Riesling”
The same questions in other papers
shade · molecular: metabolites · Vitis vinifera (wine grape)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →shade · molecular: expression · Vitis vinifera (wine grape)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.