Abstract
Core Ideas Soil acidity limits crop production in tropical regions. Soil amendments mixture can be a strategy to alleviate subsoil acidity. Subsoil profile acidity reduces common bean grain yield. The movement of surface‐applied lime to subsurface soil layers is slow, and, consequently, liming requires a long period of time to become effective. Thus, it is important to develop strategies to increase the efficiency of acidity amendments practices in order to improve the chemical properties of tropical acid soils in no‐till systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of applying mixtures of silicate, lime, and phosphogypsum to the soil surface in tropical no‐till systems on soil chemical properties and leaf nutrient concentrations, yield components, and grain yield of the common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A field experiment was performed during two growing seasons (2004 and 2005) in a field with Typic Acrustox soils. Among the treatments, the silicate–phosphogypsum mixture was more effective for ameliorating soil acidity at a depth of 0 to 0.20 m over a short period of time (6 mo). The application of soil amendments separately or in mixtures increased the soil pH to 0.40 m depth 18 mo after application. Combining the surface application of phosphogypsum with lime and/or silicate effectively increased the NO 3 − –N, SO 4 2− –S, and Ca 2+ levels at soil depths of up to 0.40 m over a relatively short period of time, resulting in a higher base saturation in the deepest layer evaluated (0.20–0.40 m). Compared with the control treatment, the mixtures of soil acidity amendments and phosphogypsum resulted in greater Ca, S, and Si concentrations in the leaves and increased the grain yield of the common bean by >22% over two growing seasons. Long‐term studies are required to establish the frequency of reapplication and the residual effects of soil amendment mixtures.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Silicate–phosphogypsum was most effective at ameliorating soil acidity at 0 to 0.20 m within 6 months.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- silicate–phosphogypsum mixturee0
- Outcome
- soil aciditye0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Value
- 6 moe0
- Qualifier
- 0 to 0.20 me0
- Comparator
- Among the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the treatments, the silicate–phosphogypsum mixture was more effective for ameliorating soil acidity at a depth of 0 to 0.20 m over a short period of time (6 mo).”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Separate or mixed soil amendments increased soil pH to 0.40 m after 18 months.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- soil amendments separately or in mixturese0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 0.40 m depth 18 mo after applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of soil amendments separately or in mixtures increased the soil pH to 0.40 m depth 18 mo after application.”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphogypsum with lime and/or silicate increased soil nitrate N, sulfate S, and calcium levels to 0.40 m.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- surface application of phosphogypsum with lime and/or silicatee0
- Outcome
- NO 3 − –N, SO 4 2− –S, and Ca 2+ levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- soil depths of up to 0.40 me0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combining the surface application of phosphogypsum with lime and/or silicate effectively increased the NO 3 − –N, SO 4 2− –S, and Ca 2+ levels at soil depths of up to 0.40 m over a relatively short period of time”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined amendment increased base saturation in the deepest evaluated soil layer.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- surface application of phosphogypsum with lime and/or silicatee0
- Outcome
- base saturatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 0.20–0.40 me0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combining the surface application of phosphogypsum with lime and/or silicate effectively increased the NO 3 − –N, SO 4 2− –S, and Ca 2+ levels at soil depths of up to 0.40 m over a relatively short period of time, resulting in a higher base saturation in the deepest layer evaluated (0.20–0.40 m).”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Amendment mixtures increased bean leaf Ca, S, and Si concentrations compared with control.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- mixtures of soil acidity amendments and phosphogypsume0
- Outcome
- Ca, S, and Si concentrations in the leavese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control treatment, the mixtures of soil acidity amendments and phosphogypsum resulted in greater Ca, S, and Si concentrations in the leaves and increased the grain yield of the common bean by >22% over two growing seasons.”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Amendment mixtures increased bean grain yield by more than 22% over two seasons.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- mixtures of soil acidity amendments and phosphogypsume0
- Outcome
- grain yield of the common beane0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- >22%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control treatment, the mixtures of soil acidity amendments and phosphogypsum resulted in greater Ca, S, and Si concentrations in the leaves and increased the grain yield of the common bean by >22% over two growing seasons.”
t0“Common Bean”
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