Abstract
summary Leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L., Vicia faba L., Pisum sativum L. and Brassica napus L. were exposed from emergence to full expansion to seven treatments of simulated acid rain at pH values between 5.6 and 2.6. Droplet leaf contact angles in all species decreased on leaves exposed to simulated acid rain at pH <4.6 relative to those exposed at pH 5.6. Retention of rain containing fluorescein increased on P. vulgaris leaves exposed to simulated acid rain at pH 4.6 and at pH < 3.8. Retention by B. napus leaves was increased at pH < 4.6. Uptake of the three ions studied was in the order 86 Rb + ≤ 35 SO 4 2− ≤ 63 Ni 2+ . Uptake of 86 Rb + increased into B. napus leaves and decreased into P. vulgaris leaves exposed at pH ≤ 3.4. Uptake of 35 SO 4 2− and 63 Ni 2+ by B. napus leaves increased after exposure to simulated acid ruin at pH 2.6 but it was unaffected in P. vulgaris. Up to 7%, of applied 35 SO 4 2− , was found in the epicuticular wax layer on B. napus leaves 48 h after application, most being found after exposure at pH 2.6. The order of lateral movement of ions within leaves paralleled the order of uptake. Movement of all three ions was increased in B. napus leaves exposed previously to simulated acid rain at pH 2.6. The increased retention of fluorescein on leaves exposed to simulated acid rain and the reduced contact angles for water are attributed to decreases in surface roughness. The altered ion uptake pattern could also be related to changes in surface wax structure or could be associated with observed changes in properties of cuticular membranes. These results demonstrate that the interaction of plants with their atmospheric environment could possibly be affected by pre‐exposure to acid rain in amounts and at pH values that occur in ambient rainfall.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated acid rain below pH 4.6 decreased leaf contact angles in all four species relative to pH 5.6.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L., Vicia faba L., Pisum sativum L. and Brassica napus L.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus
Phaseolus vulgaris
Lathyrus oleraceus
Vicia fabae0 - Treatment
- simulated acid rain at pH <4.6e0
- Outcome
- Droplet leaf contact anglese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- pH 5.6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L., Vicia faba L., Pisum sativum L. and Brassica napus L. were exposed from emergence to full expansion to seven treatments of simulated acid rain at pH values between 5.6 and 2.6. Droplet leaf contact angles in all species decreased on leaves exposed to simulated acid rain at pH <4.6 relative to those exposed at pH 5.6.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rain retention increased on P. vulgaris leaves exposed at pH 4.6 and below 3.8.
- Taxon
- P. vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- simulated acid rain at pH 4.6 and at pH < 3.8e0
- Outcome
- Retention of rain containing fluoresceine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Retention of rain containing fluorescein increased on P. vulgaris leaves exposed to simulated acid rain at pH 4.6 and at pH < 3.8.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rain retention increased on B. napus leaves below pH 4.6.
- Taxon
- B. napusBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- pH < 4.6e0
- Outcome
- Retentione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Retention by B. napus leaves was increased at pH < 4.6.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ion uptake ranked from 86 Rb + through 35 SO 4 2− to 63 Ni 2+.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L., Vicia faba L., Pisum sativum L. and Brassica napus L.Brassica napusPhaseolus vulgarisLathyrus oleraceusVicia fabae1
- Outcome
- 86 Rb + ≤ 35 SO 4 2− ≤ 63 Ni 2+e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uptake of the three ions studied was in the order 86 Rb + ≤ 35 SO 4 2− ≤ 63 Ni 2+ .”
e1“Phaseolus vulgaris L., Vicia faba L., Pisum sativum L. and Brassica napus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid rain at pH 3.4 or below increased 86 Rb + uptake in B. napus.
- Taxon
- B. napusBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- pH ≤ 3.4e0
- Outcome
- Uptake of 86 Rb +e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uptake of 86 Rb + increased into B. napus leaves and decreased into P. vulgaris leaves exposed at pH ≤ 3.4.”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid rain at pH 3.4 or below decreased 86 Rb + uptake in P. vulgaris.
- Taxon
- P. vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- pH ≤ 3.4e0
- Outcome
- Uptake of 86 Rb +e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uptake of 86 Rb + increased into B. napus leaves and decreased into P. vulgaris leaves exposed at pH ≤ 3.4.”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid rain at pH 2.6 increased sulfate and nickel uptake in B. napus.
- Taxon
- B. napusBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- simulated acid ruin at pH 2.6e0
- Outcome
- Uptake of 35 SO 4 2− and 63 Ni 2+e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uptake of 35 SO 4 2− and 63 Ni 2+ by B. napus leaves increased after exposure to simulated acid ruin at pH 2.6”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid rain did not alter sulfate and nickel uptake in P. vulgaris.
- Taxon
- P. vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- simulated acid ruin at pH 2.6e0
- Outcome
- Uptake of 35 SO 4 2− and 63 Ni 2+e0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uptake of 35 SO 4 2− and 63 Ni 2+ by B. napus leaves increased after exposure to simulated acid ruin at pH 2.6 but it was unaffected in P. vulgaris.”
Claim · model-written summary
Up to 7% of applied sulfate was in B. napus epicuticular wax after 48 hours, most at pH 2.6.
- Taxon
- B. napusBrassica napuse0
- Outcome
- applied 35 SO 4 2− , was found in the epicuticular wax layere0
- Value
- 7%e0
- Qualifier
- 48 h after applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Up to 7%, of applied 35 SO 4 2− , was found in the epicuticular wax layer on B. napus leaves 48 h after application, most being found after exposure at pH 2.6.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lateral ion movement paralleled the order of uptake.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L., Vicia faba L., Pisum sativum L. and Brassica napus L.Brassica napusPhaseolus vulgarisLathyrus oleraceusVicia fabae1
- Outcome
- lateral movement of ions within leaves paralleled the order of uptakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The order of lateral movement of ions within leaves paralleled the order of uptake.”
e1“Phaseolus vulgaris L., Vicia faba L., Pisum sativum L. and Brassica napus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Prior acid rain at pH 2.6 increased movement of all three ions in B. napus leaves.
- Taxon
- B. napusBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- simulated acid rain at pH 2.6e0
- Outcome
- Movement of all three ionse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Movement of all three ions was increased in B. napus leaves exposed previously to simulated acid rain at pH 2.6.”
The same questions in other papers
ph · nutrient: content · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.