Abstract
This paper studied the effects of exogenous nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and osmotic regulation substances of longan (Dimocarpus longana 'Fuyan') seedlings under acid rain (pH 3.0) stress. Under the acid rain stress, the seedling leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities and chlorophyll, soluble protein and soluble sugar contents decreased obviously, while the leaf malondialdedyde content had a remarkable increase, suggesting the toxic effect of the acid rain on the seedlings. Exogenous nitric oxide had dual nature on the physiological characteristics of longan seedlings under acid rain stress. Applying 0.1-0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNP improved the SOD, POD and CAT activities and the chlorophyll, soluble protein and soluble sugar contents significantly, and decreased the malondialdedyde content. Low concentrations SNP reduced the oxidative damage caused by the acid rain stress, and 0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNP had the best effect. Under the application of 0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNP, the total chlorophyll, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents and the SOD, POD and CAT activities increased by 76.0%, 107.0%, 216.1%, 150. 0%, 350.9% and 97.1%, respectively, and the malondialdedyde content decreased by 46.4%. It was suggested that low concentration (0.1-0.5 mmol x L(-1)) SNP could alleviate the toxic effect of acid rain stress on longan seedlings via activating the leaf antioxidant enzyme activities and reducing oxidative stress, while high concentration SNP (1.0 mmol x L(-1)) lowered the mitigation effect.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Acid rain stress decreased the SOD, POD and CAT activities of longan seedling leaves.
- Taxon
- longan
Dimocarpus longant0 - Treatment
- acid rain stresse1
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activitiese1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“longan (Dimocarpus longana) seedlings under acid rain stress”
e1“Under the acid rain stress, the seedling leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities and chlorophyll, soluble protein and soluble sugar contents decreased obviously”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid rain stress decreased chlorophyll, soluble protein and soluble sugar contents of longan seedling leaves.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longant0
- Treatment
- acid rain stresse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll, soluble protein and soluble sugar contentse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“longan (Dimocarpus longana) seedlings under acid rain stress”
e1“Under the acid rain stress, the seedling leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities and chlorophyll, soluble protein and soluble sugar contents decreased obviously”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid rain stress increased leaf malondialdehyde content of longan seedlings.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longant0
- Treatment
- acid rain stresse1
- Outcome
- malondialdedyde contente2
- Direction
- increasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“longan (Dimocarpus longana) seedlings under acid rain stress”
e1“Under the acid rain stress, the seedling leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities and chlorophyll, soluble protein and soluble sugar contents decreased obviously”
e2“the leaf malondialdedyde content had a remarkable increase”
Claim · model-written summary
0.1-0.5 mmol x L(-1) SNP improved SOD, POD and CAT activities of longan seedlings under acid rain stress.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longant0
- Treatment
- 0.1-0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNPe3
- Outcome
- SOD, POD and CAT activitiese3
- Direction
- improvede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“longan (Dimocarpus longana) seedlings under acid rain stress”
e3“Applying 0.1-0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNP improved the SOD, POD and CAT activities and the chlorophyll, soluble protein and soluble sugar contents significantly, and decreased the malondialdedyde content”
Claim · model-written summary
0.1-0.5 mmol x L(-1) SNP improved chlorophyll, soluble protein and soluble sugar contents of longan seedlings under acid rain stress.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longant0
- Treatment
- 0.1-0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNPe3
- Outcome
- chlorophyll, soluble protein and soluble sugar contentse3
- Direction
- improvede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“longan (Dimocarpus longana) seedlings under acid rain stress”
e3“Applying 0.1-0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNP improved the SOD, POD and CAT activities and the chlorophyll, soluble protein and soluble sugar contents significantly, and decreased the malondialdedyde content”
Claim · model-written summary
0.1-0.5 mmol x L(-1) SNP decreased malondialdehyde content of longan seedlings under acid rain stress.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longant0
- Treatment
- 0.1-0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNPe3
- Outcome
- malondialdedyde contente3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“longan (Dimocarpus longana) seedlings under acid rain stress”
e3“Applying 0.1-0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNP improved the SOD, POD and CAT activities and the chlorophyll, soluble protein and soluble sugar contents significantly, and decreased the malondialdedyde content”
Claim · model-written summary
0.5 mmol x L(-1) SNP had the best effect on longan seedlings under acid rain stress.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longant0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNPe4
- Outcome
- best effecte4
- Direction
- beste4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“longan (Dimocarpus longana) seedlings under acid rain stress”
e4“Low concentrations SNP reduced the oxidative damage caused by the acid rain stress, and 0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNP had the best effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Low concentrations of SNP reduced oxidative damage caused by acid rain stress in longan seedlings.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longant0
- Treatment
- Low concentrations SNPe4
- Outcome
- oxidative damage caused by the acid rain stresse4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“longan (Dimocarpus longana) seedlings under acid rain stress”
e4“Low concentrations SNP reduced the oxidative damage caused by the acid rain stress, and 0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNP had the best effect”
Claim · model-written summary
0.5 mmol x L(-1) SNP increased total chlorophyll content by 76.0% under acid rain stress.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longant0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNPe5
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 76.0%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“longan (Dimocarpus longana) seedlings under acid rain stress”
e5“Under the application of 0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNP, the total chlorophyll, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents and the SOD, POD and CAT activities increased by 76.0%, 107.0%, 216.1%, 150. 0%, 350.9% and 97.1%, respectively, and the malondialdedyde content decreased by 46.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
0.5 mmol x L(-1) SNP increased soluble protein content by 107.0% under acid rain stress.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longant0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNPe5
- Outcome
- soluble proteine5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 107.0%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“longan (Dimocarpus longana) seedlings under acid rain stress”
e5“Under the application of 0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNP, the total chlorophyll, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents and the SOD, POD and CAT activities increased by 76.0%, 107.0%, 216.1%, 150. 0%, 350.9% and 97.1%, respectively, and the malondialdedyde content decreased by 46.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
0.5 mmol x L(-1) SNP increased soluble sugar content by 216.1% under acid rain stress.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longant0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNPe5
- Outcome
- soluble sugare5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 216.1%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“longan (Dimocarpus longana) seedlings under acid rain stress”
e5“Under the application of 0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNP, the total chlorophyll, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents and the SOD, POD and CAT activities increased by 76.0%, 107.0%, 216.1%, 150. 0%, 350.9% and 97.1%, respectively, and the malondialdedyde content decreased by 46.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
0.5 mmol x L(-1) SNP increased SOD activity by 150. 0% under acid rain stress.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longant0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNPe5
- Outcome
- SODe5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 150. 0%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“longan (Dimocarpus longana) seedlings under acid rain stress”
e5“Under the application of 0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNP, the total chlorophyll, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents and the SOD, POD and CAT activities increased by 76.0%, 107.0%, 216.1%, 150. 0%, 350.9% and 97.1%, respectively, and the malondialdedyde content decreased by 46.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
0.5 mmol x L(-1) SNP increased POD activity by 350.9% under acid rain stress.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longant0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNPe5
- Outcome
- PODe5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 350.9%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“longan (Dimocarpus longana) seedlings under acid rain stress”
e5“Under the application of 0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNP, the total chlorophyll, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents and the SOD, POD and CAT activities increased by 76.0%, 107.0%, 216.1%, 150. 0%, 350.9% and 97.1%, respectively, and the malondialdedyde content decreased by 46.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
0.5 mmol x L(-1) SNP increased CAT activity by 97.1% under acid rain stress.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longant0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNPe5
- Outcome
- CATe5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 97.1%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“longan (Dimocarpus longana) seedlings under acid rain stress”
e5“Under the application of 0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNP, the total chlorophyll, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents and the SOD, POD and CAT activities increased by 76.0%, 107.0%, 216.1%, 150. 0%, 350.9% and 97.1%, respectively, and the malondialdedyde content decreased by 46.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
0.5 mmol x L(-1) SNP decreased malondialdehyde content by 46.4% under acid rain stress.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longant0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNPe5
- Outcome
- malondialdedyde contente5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 46.4%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“longan (Dimocarpus longana) seedlings under acid rain stress”
e5“Under the application of 0.5 mmol x L(-1) of SNP, the total chlorophyll, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents and the SOD, POD and CAT activities increased by 76.0%, 107.0%, 216.1%, 150. 0%, 350.9% and 97.1%, respectively, and the malondialdedyde content decreased by 46.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
High concentration SNP (1.0 mmol x L(-1)) lowered the mitigation effect of SNP on acid rain stress in longan seedlings.
- Taxon
- longanDimocarpus longant0
- Treatment
- high concentration SNP (1.0 mmol x L(-1))e6
- Outcome
- mitigation effecte6
- Direction
- lowerede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“longan (Dimocarpus longana) seedlings under acid rain stress”
e6“high concentration SNP (1.0 mmol x L(-1)) lowered the mitigation effect”
The same questions in other papers
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.