Abstract
Soil salinity is a major environmental constraint that threatens agricultural productivity. Different strategies have been developed to improve crop salt tolerance, among which the effects of polyamines have been well-reported. To gain a better understanding of the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) responses to NaCl and unravel the underlying mechanism of exogenous putrescine (Put) alleviating salt-induced damage, comparative proteomic analysis was conducted on cucumber roots treated with NaCl, and/or Put for 7 days. The results showed that exogenous Put restored the root growth inhibited by NaCl. Sixty-two differentially expressed proteins implicated in various biological processes were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. The four largest categories included proteins involved in defense response (24.2%), protein metabolism (24.2%), carbohydrate metabolism (19.4%), and amino acid metabolism (14.5%). Exogenous Put up-regulated most identified proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, implying an enhancement in energy generation. Proteins involved in defense response and protein metabolism were differently regulated by Put, which indicated the roles of Put in stress resistance and proteome rearrangement. Put also increased the abundance of proteins involved in amino acid metabolism. Meanwhile, physiological analysis showed that Put could further up-regulated the levels of free amino acids in salt stressed-roots. In addition, Put also improved endogenous polyamines contents by regulating the transcription levels of key enzymes in polyamine metabolism. Taken together, these results suggest that Put may alleviate NaCl-induced growth inhibition through degradation of misfolded/damaged proteins, activation of stress defense, and the promotion of carbohydrate metabolism to generate more energy.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine restored cucumber root growth inhibited by NaCl.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- exogenous Pute0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- restorede0
- Comparator
- NaCle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous Put restored the root growth inhibited by NaCl”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteomics identified 62 differentially expressed proteins.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed proteinse0
- Value
- Sixty-twoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sixty-two differentially expressed proteins implicated in various biological processes were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
The largest protein categories were defense response, protein metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism, at 24.2%, 24.2%, 19.4% and 14.5%, respectively.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- four largest categoriese0
- Qualifier
- defense response (24.2%), protein metabolism (24.2%), carbohydrate metabolism (19.4%), and amino acid metabolism (14.5%)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The four largest categories included proteins involved in defense response (24.2%), protein metabolism (24.2%), carbohydrate metabolism (19.4%), and amino acid metabolism (14.5%)”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine upregulated most identified carbohydrate metabolism proteins.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Exogenous Pute0
- Outcome
- proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolisme0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous Put up-regulated most identified proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine differentially regulated defense response and protein metabolism proteins.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Pute0
- Outcome
- Proteins involved in defense response and protein metabolisme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proteins involved in defense response and protein metabolism were differently regulated by Put”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine increased the abundance of amino acid metabolism proteins.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Pute0
- Outcome
- abundance of proteins involved in amino acid metabolisme0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Put also increased the abundance of proteins involved in amino acid metabolism”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine further increased free amino acid levels in salt-stressed cucumber roots.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Pute0
- Outcome
- levels of free amino acidse0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Put could further up-regulated the levels of free amino acids in salt stressed-roots”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine improved endogenous polyamine content through transcriptional regulation of key enzymes.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Pute0
- Outcome
- endogenous polyamines contentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- regulating the transcription levels of key enzymes in polyamine metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Put also improved endogenous polyamines contents by regulating the transcription levels of key enzymes in polyamine metabolism”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest putrescine may alleviate NaCl-induced growth inhibition through damaged-protein degradation, stress defense and carbohydrate metabolism.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Pute0
- Outcome
- NaCl-induced growth inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- degradation of misfolded/damaged proteins, activation of stress defense, and the promotion of carbohydrate metabolism to generate more energye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Put may alleviate NaCl-induced growth inhibition through degradation of misfolded/damaged proteins, activation of stress defense, and the promotion of carbohydrate metabolism to generate more energy”
t0“Cucumber”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.