Abstract
Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is one of the most destructive pests of tomato in many parts of the world including Iran. Field studies were conducted to determine the short and long term effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var Kurstaki (Bt), azadirachtin (AZ), a mix of AZ + Bt, and indoxacarb, as a current chemical insecticide, on T. absoluta larvae. Also, effects of the insecticides were studied on the coexisting generalist predators, Coccinella septempunctata L., Chrysoperla carnea Stephens and Syritta sp. Sampling of T. absoluta and its coexisting generalist predators were performed 1 day before treatment (DBT) and one, 5, 8, 14 and 19 days after treatment (DAT). The results indicated significant short term effect of indoxacarb on the pest larvae. Indoxacarb reduced T. absoluta density and damages. Bt, AZ and mixture of them significantly suppressed the larval density at 19 DAT and caused significant reduction in leaf, stem and fruit damage. The highest long term effect on the pest abundance and damage were observed in Az + Bt caused 100% reduction in fruit and foliage damage compared to the control. The highest and lowest adverse effects on C. carnea, C. septempunctat and Serrita sp. were observed in indoxacarb and Bt treatments, respectively. Findings of this study imply that the mixture of Az + Bt has the highest selective toxicity on the pest and the lowest effect on its coexisting generalist predators.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Indoxacarb reduced Tuta absoluta larval density and damage in tomato fields over the short term.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- indoxacarbe0
- Interactor
- Tuta absoluta Meyrick
.jpg?width=60)
Tuta absolutae1pest - Outcome
- T. absoluta density and damagese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“tomato fields”
e0“The results indicated significant short term effect of indoxacarb on the pest larvae. Indoxacarb reduced T. absoluta density and damages.”
e1“Tuta absoluta Meyrick”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt suppressed Tuta absoluta larval density at 19 days after treatment.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Bte0
- Interactor
- Tuta absoluta MeyrickTuta absolutae1pest
- Outcome
- larval densitye0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Qualifier
- 19 DATe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato fields”
e0“Bt, AZ and mixture of them significantly suppressed the larval density at 19 DAT”
e1“Tuta absoluta Meyrick”
Claim · model-written summary
AZ suppressed Tuta absoluta larval density at 19 days after treatment.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- AZe0
- Interactor
- Tuta absoluta MeyrickTuta absolutae1pest
- Outcome
- larval densitye0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Qualifier
- 19 DATe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato fields”
e0“Bt, AZ and mixture of them significantly suppressed the larval density at 19 DAT”
e1“Tuta absoluta Meyrick”
Claim · model-written summary
The Bt and AZ mixture suppressed Tuta absoluta larval density at 19 days after treatment.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- mixture of theme0
- Interactor
- Tuta absoluta MeyrickTuta absolutae1pest
- Outcome
- larval densitye0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Qualifier
- 19 DATe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato fields”
e0“Bt, AZ and mixture of them significantly suppressed the larval density at 19 DAT”
e1“Tuta absoluta Meyrick”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt reduced tomato leaf, stem and fruit damage significantly.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Bte0
- Interactor
- Tuta absoluta MeyrickTuta absolutae1pest
- Outcome
- leaf, stem and fruit damagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato fields”
e0“Bt, AZ and mixture of them significantly suppressed the larval density at 19 DAT and caused significant reduction in leaf, stem and fruit damage”
e1“Tuta absoluta Meyrick”
Claim · model-written summary
AZ reduced tomato leaf, stem and fruit damage significantly.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- AZe0
- Interactor
- Tuta absoluta MeyrickTuta absolutae1pest
- Outcome
- leaf, stem and fruit damagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato fields”
e0“Bt, AZ and mixture of them significantly suppressed the larval density at 19 DAT and caused significant reduction in leaf, stem and fruit damage”
e1“Tuta absoluta Meyrick”
Claim · model-written summary
The Bt and AZ mixture reduced tomato leaf, stem and fruit damage significantly.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- mixture of theme0
- Interactor
- Tuta absoluta MeyrickTuta absolutae1pest
- Outcome
- leaf, stem and fruit damagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato fields”
e0“Bt, AZ and mixture of them significantly suppressed the larval density at 19 DAT and caused significant reduction in leaf, stem and fruit damage”
e1“Tuta absoluta Meyrick”
Claim · model-written summary
The AZ and Bt mixture produced the highest long-term reduction in pest abundance and damage, including complete reduction of fruit and foliage damage versus control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Az + Bte0
- Interactor
- Tuta absoluta MeyrickTuta absolutae1pest
- Outcome
- fruit and foliage damagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato fields”
e0“The highest long term effect on the pest abundance and damage were observed in Az + Bt caused 100% reduction in fruit and foliage damage compared to the control”
e1“Tuta absoluta Meyrick”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoxacarb caused the highest adverse effects on the three generalist predators.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- indoxacarbe0
- Interactor
- C. carnea
_Chrysoperla_carnea_-_dorsal_view.jpg?width=60)
Chrysoperla carneae0other - Outcome
- adverse effects on C. carnea, C. septempunctat and Serrita sp.e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- Bte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Chrysoperla_carnea_-_dorsal_view.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“tomato fields”
e0“The highest and lowest adverse effects on C. carnea, C. septempunctat and Serrita sp. were observed in indoxacarb and Bt treatments, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt caused the lowest adverse effects on the three generalist predators.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Bte0
- Interactor
- C. carneaChrysoperla carneae0other
- Outcome
- adverse effects on C. carnea, C. septempunctat and Serrita sp.e0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- indoxacarbe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato fields”
e0“The highest and lowest adverse effects on C. carnea, C. septempunctat and Serrita sp. were observed in indoxacarb and Bt treatments, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify AZ and Bt mixture as having the highest selective toxicity against the pest and lowest effects on predators.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Az + Bte0
- Outcome
- highest selective toxicity on the pest and the lowest effect on its coexisting generalist predatorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato fields”
e0“the mixture of Az + Bt has the highest selective toxicity on the pest and the lowest effect on its coexisting generalist predators”
The same questions in other papers
indoxacarb · Tuta absoluta · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →azadirachtin · Tuta absoluta · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
9 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →transgenic · Tuta absoluta · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.