Abstract
Suboptimal growth conditions, such as low rhizosphere temperature, high salinity, and low pH can negatively affect the rhizobia-legume symbioses, resulting in poor nodulation and lower amounts of nitrogen fixed. Early stages of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum-soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] symbiosis, such as excretion of genistein (the plant-to-bacteria signal) and infection initiation can be inhibited by abiotic stresses; however, the effect on early events modulated by Nod factors (bacteria-to-plant signalling), particularly root hair de formations is unknown. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of Nod factor by soybean root hairs under three stress conditions: low tempera ture, low pH, and high salinity. Three experiments were conducted using a 1:1 ratio of Nod Bj-V (C18:1, MeFuc) and Nod Bj-V (Ac, C16:o> MeFuc). Nod factor induced four types of root hair deformation (HAD), wiggling, bulging, curling, and branching. Under optimal experimental conditions root hair response to the three levels of Nod factor tested (10~6, 10-8, and 10_1° M) was dose dependent. The highest frequency of root hair deforma tions was elicited by the 10-6 M level. Root hair de formation decreased with temperature (25, 17, and 15 °C), low pH, and high salinity. Nod factor concentra tion did not interact with either low temperature or pH. However, salinity strongly inhibited HAD responses to increases in Nod factor concentration. Thus, the add ition of higher levels of Nod factor is able to overcome the effects of low pH and temperature stress, but not salinity.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Nod factor induced four soybean root-hair deformation types.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Organ / stage
- root haire0
- Treatment
- Nod factore0
- Outcome
- root hair deformation (HAD), wiggling, bulging, curling, and branchinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nod factor induced four types of root hair deformation (HAD), wiggling, bulging, curling, and branching.”
e1“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Under optimal conditions, soybean root-hair response was dose dependent across the three Nod factor levels.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- three levels of Nod factor tested (10~6, 10-8, and 10_1° M)e0
- Outcome
- root hair responsee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under optimal experimental conditions root hair response to the three levels of Nod factor tested (10~6, 10-8, and 10_1° M) was dose dependent.”
e1“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
The 10-6 M Nod factor level elicited the highest frequency of soybean root-hair deformation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 10-6 M levele0
- Outcome
- frequency of root hair deforma tionse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- 10-8, and 10_1° Me2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest frequency of root hair deforma tions was elicited by the 10-6 M level.”
e1“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]”
e2“Nod factor tested (10~6, 10-8, and 10_1° M)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower temperature decreased soybean root-hair deformation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- temperature (25, 17, and 15 °C)e0
- Outcome
- Root hair de formatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root hair de formation decreased with temperature (25, 17, and 15 °C), low pH, and high salinity.”
e1“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Low pH decreased soybean root-hair deformation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- low pHe0
- Outcome
- Root hair de formatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root hair de formation decreased with temperature (25, 17, and 15 °C), low pH, and high salinity.”
e1“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity decreased soybean root-hair deformation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- high salinitye0
- Outcome
- Root hair de formatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root hair de formation decreased with temperature (25, 17, and 15 °C), low pH, and high salinity.”
e1“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Nod factor concentration did not interact with low temperature in soybean root-hair response.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Nod factor concentra tion did not interact with either low temperature or pHe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nod factor concentra tion did not interact with either low temperature or pH.”
e1“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Nod factor concentration did not interact with pH in soybean root-hair response.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- pHe0
- Outcome
- Nod factor concentra tion did not interact with either low temperature or pHe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nod factor concentra tion did not interact with either low temperature or pH.”
e1“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity strongly inhibited soybean root-hair deformation responses to increasing Nod factor concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- HAD responses to increases in Nod factor concentratione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity strongly inhibited HAD responses to increases in Nod factor concentration.”
e1“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Nod factor levels overcame low-pH stress effects on soybean root hairs.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- higher levels of Nod factore0
- Outcome
- effects of low pHe0
- Direction
- overcomee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher levels of Nod factor is able to overcome the effects of low pH and temperature stress, but not salinity.”
e1“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Nod factor levels overcame temperature-stress effects on soybean root hairs.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- higher levels of Nod factore0
- Outcome
- temperature stresse0
- Direction
- overcomee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher levels of Nod factor is able to overcome the effects of low pH and temperature stress, but not salinity.”
e1“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Nod factor levels did not overcome salinity-stress effects on soybean root hairs.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- higher levels of Nod factore0
- Outcome
- salinitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher levels of Nod factor is able to overcome the effects of low pH and temperature stress, but not salinity.”
e1“soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]”
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See all 116 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.