Abstract
The effect of long-term regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies on bioactive compounds and enzymes at harvest, during cold storage [0 °C, 90% to 95% relative humidity (RH)] and after a simulated retail sale period (15 °C, 70% to 75% RH) of extra-early nectarine ‘VioWhite 5’ [ Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was evaluated for 3 consecutive years. RDI strategies were scheduled as follows: 1) control [irrigated at 110% of maximum crop evapotranspiration (ETc) during the whole season], 2) RDI 1 (irrigated at 110% ETc during critical periods of growth and at 85% of control during the rest of the growing season), and 3) RDI 2 (irrigated at 110% ETc during critical periods of growth and at 80% and 60% control during the second fruit growth stage in March and late postharvest, respectively). Results suggested the existence of water stress when RDI was applied on extra-early nectarine. The RDI effect induced a change on the activity of enzymes studied that depended on the intensity and duration of water stress. RDI fruit, especially RDI 2 , presented higher catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activity and, together with dehydroascorbic acid level, appeared as indicators of this abiotic stress. RDI nectarine fruit increased total phenolic and flavonoids contents improving the nutraceutical quality of the product. With storage, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) increased its activity through the reduction of flavonoids, particularly in pulp. In this study, RDI 2 achieved the highest initial and stored antioxidant capacity values. Peel compared with pulp was the main tissue where bioactive compounds were found in ‘VioWhite 5’ nectarine fruit and the only tissue with anthocyanin content in this white pulp nectarine. The significant water savings were of 780 and 2050 m 3 ·ha −1 per year for RDI 1 and RDI 2 , respectively. RDI can be used as a field practice to enhance bioactive compounds on extra-early nectarine fruit and to contribute to reduce water demand.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Regulated deficit irrigation suggested the existence of water stress in extra-early nectarine.
- Taxon
- Prunus persica
Prunus persicae0 - Treatment
- RDIe1
- Outcome
- water stresse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prunus persica (L.) Batsch”
e1“Results suggested the existence of water stress when RDI was applied on extra-early nectarine”
Claim · model-written summary
Regulated deficit irrigation changed the activity of the enzymes studied, depending on the intensity and duration of water stress.
- Taxon
- Prunus persicaPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- RDIe2
- Outcome
- activity of enzymes studiede2
- Qualifier
- depended on the intensity and duration of water stresse2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prunus persica (L.) Batsch”
e2“The RDI effect induced a change on the activity of enzymes studied that depended on the intensity and duration of water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Under RDI 2, catalase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity was higher.
- Taxon
- Prunus persicaPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- RDI 2e3
- Gene
- catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e3
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye3
- Direction
- highere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prunus persica (L.) Batsch”
e3“RDI fruit, especially RDI 2 , presented higher catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activity and, together with dehydroascorbic acid level, appeared as indicators of this abiotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehydroascorbic acid level appeared as an indicator of abiotic water stress in nectarine fruit.
- Taxon
- Prunus persicaPrunus persicae0
- Outcome
- dehydroascorbic acid levele3
- Qualifier
- indicators of this abiotic stresse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prunus persica (L.) Batsch”
e3“RDI fruit, especially RDI 2 , presented higher catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activity and, together with dehydroascorbic acid level, appeared as indicators of this abiotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Regulated deficit irrigation increased total phenolic and flavonoid contents, improving nutraceutical quality of nectarine fruit.
- Taxon
- Prunus persicaPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- RDIe4
- Outcome
- total phenolic and flavonoids contentse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- improving the nutraceutical quality of the producte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prunus persica (L.) Batsch”
e4“RDI nectarine fruit increased total phenolic and flavonoids contents improving the nutraceutical quality of the product”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyphenol oxidase activity increased during storage, particularly in pulp.
- Taxon
- Prunus persicaPrunus persicae0
- Organ / stage
- pulpe5
- Treatment
- storagee5
- Gene
- polyphenol oxidase (PPO)e5
- Outcome
- activitye5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prunus persica (L.) Batsch”
e5“With storage, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) increased its activity through the reduction of flavonoids, particularly in pulp”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyphenol oxidase activity increase is explained by the reduction of flavonoids.
- Taxon
- Prunus persicaPrunus persicae0
- Gene
- polyphenol oxidase (PPO)e5
- Compound
- flavonoidse5
- Outcome
- activitye5
- Qualifier
- through the reduction of flavonoidse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prunus persica (L.) Batsch”
e5“With storage, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) increased its activity through the reduction of flavonoids, particularly in pulp”
Claim · model-written summary
RDI 2 gave the highest initial and stored antioxidant capacity values.
- Taxon
- Prunus persicaPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- RDI 2e6
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacity valuese6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Qualifier
- initial and storede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prunus persica (L.) Batsch”
e6“In this study, RDI 2 achieved the highest initial and stored antioxidant capacity values”
Claim · model-written summary
Peel rather than pulp was the main tissue where bioactive compounds were found in nectarine fruit.
- Taxon
- Prunus persicaPrunus persicae0
- Organ / stage
- Peele1
- Outcome
- bioactive compoundse1
- Qualifier
- the main tissue where bioactive compounds were founde1
- Comparator
- pulpe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prunus persica (L.) Batsch”
e1“Peel compared with pulp was the main tissue where bioactive compounds were found”
Claim · model-written summary
Peel was the only nectarine tissue with anthocyanin content in this white pulp nectarine.
- Taxon
- Prunus persicaPrunus persicae0
- Organ / stage
- Peele1
- Outcome
- anthocyanin contente2
- Qualifier
- the only tissue with anthocyanin content in this white pulp nectarinee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prunus persica (L.) Batsch”
e1“Peel compared with pulp was the main tissue where bioactive compounds were found”
e2“and the only tissue with anthocyanin content in this white pulp nectarine”
Claim · model-written summary
Regulated deficit irrigation RDI 1 saved 780 m3/ha per year of water.
- Taxon
- Prunus persicaPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- RDI 1e1
- Outcome
- water savingse1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- 780e1
- Qualifier
- m 3 ·ha −1 per yeare1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prunus persica (L.) Batsch”
e1“The significant water savings were of 780 and 2050 m 3 ·ha −1 per year for RDI 1 and RDI 2 , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Regulated deficit irrigation RDI 2 saved 2050 m3/ha per year of water.
- Taxon
- Prunus persicaPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- RDI 2e1
- Outcome
- water savingse1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- 2050e1
- Qualifier
- m 3 ·ha −1 per yeare1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prunus persica (L.) Batsch”
e1“The significant water savings were of 780 and 2050 m 3 ·ha −1 per year for RDI 1 and RDI 2 , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Regulated deficit irrigation is recommended as a field practice to enhance bioactive compounds and reduce water demand.
- Taxon
- Prunus persicaPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- RDIe2
- Outcome
- field practice to enhance bioactive compoundse2
- Qualifier
- to contribute to reduce water demande2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prunus persica (L.) Batsch”
e2“RDI can be used as a field practice to enhance bioactive compounds on extra-early nectarine fruit and to contribute to reduce water demand”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · quality: phytochemicals · Prunus persica (peach)Results agree
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.