Abstract
Polyamines have been frequently described as endogenous plant growth regulators or intracellular messengers mediating physiological processes.This study investigated whether polyamines are related with the grain quality of rice.Twelve rice genotypes were grown in the field,and used to determine the concentrations of putrescine(Put),spermidine(Spd),and spermine(Spm) in the grains during the grain filling period.The relationship between polyamine concentrations and rice quality were analyzed,and chemical regulators were applied to verify the roles of polyamines in regulating rice quality.The results showed that a genotype with better milling and appearance qualities had higher concentrations of Spd and Spm,and lower put concentrations,in grains during the filling period.Concentrations of Spd and Spm in the grains were significantly or very significantly and positively correlated with grain plumpness,grain weight,brown rice,and milled rice,and negatively correlated with chalkiness.Concentrations of Put were significantly or very significantly and negatively correlated with grain plumpness,grain weight,brown rice,and milled rice,whereas positively correlated with chalkiness.Neither of Put nor Spd and Spm was significantly correlated with head rice and amylose content.Application of Spd or Spm to panicle at the early grain filling stage significantly increased the maximum endosperm cell number and activities of sucrose synthetase(SuS),adenine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase(AGP),and soluble starch synthetase(SSS) in grains,and improved the milling and appearance qualities.Application of Put or methylglyoxal-bis (guanylhydrazone)(MGBG,an inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase) exhibited an opposite effect.The results suggested that the milling and appearance qualities would be improved to a certain degree by increasing Spd and Spm,or reducing Put,concentrations in the filling grains through variety breeding or application of chemical regulators.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Better milling and appearance quality genotypes had higher grain Spd and Spm.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Compound
- Spd and Spme0
- Outcome
- milling and appearance qualitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a genotype with better milling and appearance qualities had higher concentrations of Spd and Spm”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Better quality genotypes had lower grain Put.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- pute0
- Outcome
- milling and appearance qualitiese0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“better milling and appearance qualities had higher concentrations of Spd and Spm,and lower put concentrations”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd and Spm correlated positively with grain plumpness, weight, brown rice and milled rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- Spd and Spme0
- Outcome
- grain plumpness,grain weight,brown rice,and milled ricee0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of Spd and Spm in the grains were significantly or very significantly and positively correlated with grain plumpness,grain weight,brown rice,and milled rice”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd and Spm correlated negatively with chalkiness.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- Spd and Spme0
- Outcome
- chalkinesse0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of Spd and Spm in the grains were significantly or very significantly and positively correlated with grain plumpness,grain weight,brown rice,and milled rice,and negatively correlated with chalkiness”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Put correlated negatively with grain plumpness, weight, brown rice and milled rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- Pute0
- Outcome
- grain plumpness,grain weight,brown rice,and milled ricee0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of Put were significantly or very significantly and negatively correlated with grain plumpness,grain weight,brown rice,and milled rice”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Put correlated positively with chalkiness.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- Pute0
- Outcome
- chalkinesse0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of Put were significantly or very significantly and negatively correlated with grain plumpness,grain weight,brown rice,and milled rice,whereas positively correlated with chalkiness”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyamines were not significantly correlated with head rice or amylose content.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- Pute0
- Outcome
- head rice and amylose contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither of Put nor Spd and Spm was significantly correlated with head rice and amylose content”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying Spd early in grain filling increased maximum endosperm cell number.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- paniclee0
- Treatment
- Spde0
- Outcome
- maximum endosperm cell numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Spd or Spm to panicle at the early grain filling stage significantly increased the maximum endosperm cell number”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying Spm early in grain filling increased maximum endosperm cell number.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- paniclee0
- Treatment
- Spme0
- Outcome
- maximum endosperm cell numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Spd or Spm to panicle at the early grain filling stage significantly increased the maximum endosperm cell number”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd increased grain SuS, AGP and SSS activity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Spde0
- Outcome
- activities of sucrose synthetase(SuS),adenine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase(AGP),and soluble starch synthetase(SSS)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Spd or Spm to panicle at the early grain filling stage significantly increased the maximum endosperm cell number and activities of sucrose synthetase(SuS),adenine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase(AGP),and soluble starch synthetase(SSS) in grains”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spm increased grain SuS, AGP and SSS activity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Spme0
- Outcome
- activities of sucrose synthetase(SuS),adenine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase(AGP),and soluble starch synthetase(SSS)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Spd or Spm to panicle at the early grain filling stage significantly increased the maximum endosperm cell number and activities of sucrose synthetase(SuS),adenine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase(AGP),and soluble starch synthetase(SSS) in grains”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd improved milling and appearance qualities.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Spde0
- Outcome
- milling and appearance qualitiese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Spd or Spm to panicle at the early grain filling stage significantly increased the maximum endosperm cell number and activities of sucrose synthetase(SuS),adenine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase(AGP),and soluble starch synthetase(SSS) in grains,and improved the milling and appearance qualities”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spm improved milling and appearance qualities.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Spme0
- Outcome
- milling and appearance qualitiese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Spd or Spm to panicle at the early grain filling stage significantly increased the maximum endosperm cell number and activities of sucrose synthetase(SuS),adenine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase(AGP),and soluble starch synthetase(SSS) in grains,and improved the milling and appearance qualities”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Put application had the opposite effect on endosperm traits and grain quality.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Pute0
- Outcome
- opposite effecte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Put or methylglyoxal-bis (guanylhydrazone)(MGBG,an inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase) exhibited an opposite effect”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
MGBG application had the opposite effect on endosperm traits and grain quality.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- methylglyoxal-bis (guanylhydrazone)e0
- Outcome
- opposite effecte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Put or methylglyoxal-bis (guanylhydrazone)(MGBG,an inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase) exhibited an opposite effect”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest increasing Spd and Spm or reducing Put in filling grains to improve milling and appearance quality.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- milling and appearance qualitiese0
- Qualifier
- increasing Spd and Spm,or reducing Pute0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“milling and appearance qualities would be improved to a certain degree by increasing Spd and Spm,or reducing Put,concentrations in the filling grains through variety breeding or application of chemical regulators”
t0“Rice”
The same questions in other papers
spermidine · quality: sugar starch · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
spermine · quality: sugar starch · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.