Abstract
Wheat is one of the main food crops in China. With improvement in living conditions, the demand for high quality wheat grain is increasing. Under the scenario of future global climatic change, enhanced CO_2 concentration, warming, as well as altered precipitation pattern might affect the physiological processes of crop plants, thus influencing both the yield and qualities of the grain. The objective of this research was to examine effects of irrigation schemes on the yield and grain quality in winter wheat of different genotypes (ZhongYu five and ZhongYou 9701) grown on different sites where environmental factors such as CO_2 concentration and temperature were different. Results showed that irrigations at shooting and flowering stages were the most beneficial to economic yield of wheat, and that irrigation at late stage of wheat growth increased the kernel weight, especially irrigation at the filling stage. After the shooting stage, increased irrigation reduced the overall quality of the grain, but had minor effect on the bread volume of ZhongYou 9701 benefiting from increased sedimentation value and dough extensograph parameters. The grain yield and quality of the same genotype exhibited great discrepancy on different sites. During the period from florescence to maturation, the wheat crops of the Beijing experimental site produced lower yield but higher quality of the grain compared with the Anyang experimental site, corresponding to relatively enriched CO_2 concentration (69.0 μmol·mol~(-1) higher) and higher daily mean temperature (more than 2℃ higher) in Beijing. These results demonstrated a trade-off between the yield and quality of the grain as influenced by changes in environmental conditions. Furthermore, higher temperature at later stage of wheat growth would be more likely to influence the yield and quality of the grain. It is suggested that a slight increase in temperature, as projected to occur with global climatic warming, would benefit the quality of the wheat grain at the expense of reduced yield.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at shooting and flowering was most beneficial for economic yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- irrigations at shooting and flowering stagese0
- Outcome
- economic yielde0
- Direction
- most beneficiale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“irrigations at shooting and flowering stages were the most beneficial to economic yield of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Late irrigation increased kernel weight, especially at filling.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- irrigation at late stage of wheat growthe0
- Outcome
- kernel weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- especially irrigation at the filling stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“irrigation at late stage of wheat growth increased the kernel weight, especially irrigation at the filling stage”
Claim · model-written summary
More irrigation after shooting reduced overall grain quality.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increased irrigatione0
- Outcome
- overall quality of the graine0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“After the shooting stage, increased irrigation reduced the overall quality of the grain”
Claim · model-written summary
More irrigation after shooting had only a minor effect on bread volume of ZhongYou 9701.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- ZhongYou 9701e0
- Outcome
- bread volumee0
- Qualifier
- minor effecte0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“but had minor effect on the bread volume of ZhongYou 9701 benefiting from increased sedimentation value and dough extensograph parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield differed greatly among sites for the same genotype.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Setting
- different sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“The grain yield and quality of the same genotype exhibited great discrepancy on different sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain quality differed greatly among sites for the same genotype.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- qualitye0
- Setting
- different sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“The grain yield and quality of the same genotype exhibited great discrepancy on different sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Beijing wheat yielded less than Anyang wheat from flowering to maturity.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- florescence to maturatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Anyang experimental sitee0
- Setting
- Beijing experimental sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“During the period from florescence to maturation, the wheat crops of the Beijing experimental site produced lower yield but higher quality of the grain compared with the Anyang experimental site”
Claim · model-written summary
Beijing wheat had higher grain quality than Anyang wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- quality of the graine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Anyang experimental sitee0
- Setting
- Beijing experimental sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“the wheat crops of the Beijing experimental site produced lower yield but higher quality of the grain compared with the Anyang experimental site”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that slight warming would improve grain quality.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- a slight increase in temperaturee0
- Outcome
- quality of the wheat graine0
- Direction
- benefite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“a slight increase in temperature, as projected to occur with global climatic warming, would benefit the quality of the wheat grain at the expense of reduced yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that slight warming would reduce yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- a slight increase in temperaturee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“a slight increase in temperature, as projected to occur with global climatic warming, would benefit the quality of the wheat grain at the expense of reduced yield”
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