Abstract
【Objective】The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous nitric oxide on seed germination,seedling growth,and physiological characteristics in osmotically stressed cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.).【Method】We used 25 % PEG-6000 to produce the osmotic pressure,under which the effects of sodium nitroprusside(SNP),an exogenous nitric oxide donor,were measured on seed germination,seedling growth,oxidative damage to leaves,and protective enzyme activities in cucumber.We carried out the aforementioned experiments at two concentrations of SNP: 0.1 and 0.5 mmol.L-1.【Result】The damage to cucumber caused by the osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000 was significantly reduced in the presence of 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNP.Specifically,the seed germination rate,germination index,and vigor index increased by 0.24-fold,0.86-fold,and 3.01-fold,respectively;plant height,root length,and dry weight increased by 1.15-fold,2.17-fold,and 1.16-fold,respectively;proline content and enzyme activities of SOD,POD,CAT,and APX in leaves increased by 50.99 %,42.39 %,66.58 %,79.03 %,and 116.39 %,respectively;the level of malondialdehyde(MDA) in leaves decreased by 80.50 %.When the concentration of SNP was increased to 0.5 mmol.L-1,we observed a diminishing stimulative effect on cucumber seed germination and seedling growth.The oxidative damage to leaves sustained and the protective enzyme activities decreased when treated with 0.5 mmol.L-1 of SNP.【Conclusion】Based on data reported here,we conclude that SNP elicits a dose-dependent effect on the physiology of osmotically stressed cucumber.A lower concentration of SNP at 0.1 mmol.L-1 significantly stimulates cucumber seed germination and seedling growth,alleviates oxidative damage to leaves and increases the activity of SOD.A higher concentration of SNP at 0.5 mmol.L-1 is less effective in promoting germination,growth,and damage repair.The higher concentration of SNP also suppresses the activity of SOD.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
SNP at 0.1 mmol.L-1 significantly reduced the damage to cucumber caused by 25 % PEG-6000 osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse1 - Treatment
- 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNPe1
- Outcome
- damage to cucumbere1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The damage to cucumber caused by the osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000 was significantly reduced in the presence of 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNP”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP at 0.1 mmol.L-1 increased the seed germination rate of osmotically stressed cucumber by 0.24-fold.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNPe1
- Outcome
- seed germination ratee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 0.24-folde2
- Comparator
- osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The damage to cucumber caused by the osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000 was significantly reduced in the presence of 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNP”
e2“the seed germination rate,germination index,and vigor index increased by 0.24-fold,0.86-fold,and 3.01-fold,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP at 0.1 mmol.L-1 increased the germination index of osmotically stressed cucumber by 0.86-fold.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNPe1
- Outcome
- germination indexe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 0.86-folde2
- Comparator
- osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The damage to cucumber caused by the osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000 was significantly reduced in the presence of 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNP”
e2“the seed germination rate,germination index,and vigor index increased by 0.24-fold,0.86-fold,and 3.01-fold,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP at 0.1 mmol.L-1 increased the vigor index of osmotically stressed cucumber by 3.01-fold.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNPe1
- Outcome
- vigor indexe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 3.01-folde2
- Comparator
- osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The damage to cucumber caused by the osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000 was significantly reduced in the presence of 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNP”
e2“the seed germination rate,germination index,and vigor index increased by 0.24-fold,0.86-fold,and 3.01-fold,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP at 0.1 mmol.L-1 increased plant height of osmotically stressed cucumber by 1.15-fold.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNPe1
- Outcome
- plant heighte3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 1.15-folde3
- Comparator
- osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The damage to cucumber caused by the osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000 was significantly reduced in the presence of 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNP”
e3“plant height,root length,and dry weight increased by 1.15-fold,2.17-fold,and 1.16-fold,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP at 0.1 mmol.L-1 increased root length of osmotically stressed cucumber by 2.17-fold.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNPe1
- Outcome
- root lengthe3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 2.17-folde3
- Comparator
- osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The damage to cucumber caused by the osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000 was significantly reduced in the presence of 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNP”
e3“plant height,root length,and dry weight increased by 1.15-fold,2.17-fold,and 1.16-fold,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP at 0.1 mmol.L-1 increased dry weight of osmotically stressed cucumber by 1.16-fold.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNPe1
- Outcome
- dry weighte3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 1.16-folde3
- Comparator
- osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The damage to cucumber caused by the osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000 was significantly reduced in the presence of 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNP”
e3“plant height,root length,and dry weight increased by 1.15-fold,2.17-fold,and 1.16-fold,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP at 0.1 mmol.L-1 increased leaf proline content of osmotically stressed cucumber by 50.99 %.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNPe1
- Outcome
- proline contente4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 50.99 %e4
- Comparator
- osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The damage to cucumber caused by the osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000 was significantly reduced in the presence of 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNP”
e4“proline content and enzyme activities of SOD,POD,CAT,and APX in leaves increased by 50.99 %,42.39 %,66.58 %,79.03 %,and 116.39 %,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP at 0.1 mmol.L-1 increased leaf SOD activity of osmotically stressed cucumber by 42.39 %.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNPe1
- Outcome
- SODe4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 42.39 %e4
- Comparator
- osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The damage to cucumber caused by the osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000 was significantly reduced in the presence of 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNP”
e4“proline content and enzyme activities of SOD,POD,CAT,and APX in leaves increased by 50.99 %,42.39 %,66.58 %,79.03 %,and 116.39 %,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP at 0.1 mmol.L-1 increased leaf POD activity of osmotically stressed cucumber by 66.58 %.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNPe1
- Outcome
- PODe4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 66.58 %e4
- Comparator
- osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The damage to cucumber caused by the osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000 was significantly reduced in the presence of 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNP”
e4“proline content and enzyme activities of SOD,POD,CAT,and APX in leaves increased by 50.99 %,42.39 %,66.58 %,79.03 %,and 116.39 %,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP at 0.1 mmol.L-1 increased leaf CAT activity of osmotically stressed cucumber by 79.03 %.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNPe1
- Outcome
- CATe4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 79.03 %e4
- Comparator
- osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The damage to cucumber caused by the osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000 was significantly reduced in the presence of 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNP”
e4“proline content and enzyme activities of SOD,POD,CAT,and APX in leaves increased by 50.99 %,42.39 %,66.58 %,79.03 %,and 116.39 %,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP at 0.1 mmol.L-1 increased leaf APX activity of osmotically stressed cucumber by 116.39 %.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNPe1
- Outcome
- APXe4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 116.39 %e4
- Comparator
- osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The damage to cucumber caused by the osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000 was significantly reduced in the presence of 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNP”
e4“proline content and enzyme activities of SOD,POD,CAT,and APX in leaves increased by 50.99 %,42.39 %,66.58 %,79.03 %,and 116.39 %,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP at 0.1 mmol.L-1 decreased malondialdehyde content in leaves of osmotically stressed cucumber by 80.50 %.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Treatment
- 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNPe1
- Outcome
- the level of malondialdehyde(MDA)e5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 80.50 %e5
- Comparator
- osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The damage to cucumber caused by the osmotic stress of 25 % PEG-6000 was significantly reduced in the presence of 0.1 mmol.L-1 of SNP”
e5“the level of malondialdehyde(MDA) in leaves decreased by 80.50 %”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP at 0.5 mmol.L-1 gave a diminishing stimulative effect on cucumber seed germination and seedling growth compared with 0.1 mmol.L-1.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- 0.5 mmol.L-1 of SNPe7
- Outcome
- seed germination and seedling growthe6
- Direction
- diminishinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“we observed a diminishing stimulative effect on cucumber seed germination and seedling growth”
e7“The oxidative damage to leaves sustained and the protective enzyme activities decreased when treated with 0.5 mmol.L-1 of SNP”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP at 0.5 mmol.L-1 left oxidative damage to cucumber leaves sustained rather than reduced.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- 0.5 mmol.L-1 of SNPe7
- Outcome
- oxidative damage to leavese7
- Direction
- sustainede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“we observed a diminishing stimulative effect on cucumber seed germination and seedling growth”
e7“The oxidative damage to leaves sustained and the protective enzyme activities decreased when treated with 0.5 mmol.L-1 of SNP”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP at 0.5 mmol.L-1 decreased protective enzyme activities in osmotically stressed cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- 0.5 mmol.L-1 of SNPe7
- Outcome
- protective enzyme activitiese7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“we observed a diminishing stimulative effect on cucumber seed germination and seedling growth”
e7“The oxidative damage to leaves sustained and the protective enzyme activities decreased when treated with 0.5 mmol.L-1 of SNP”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher SNP concentration of 0.5 mmol.L-1 suppressed SOD activity in cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- higher concentration of SNPe0
- Outcome
- activity of SODe0
- Direction
- suppressese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“we observed a diminishing stimulative effect on cucumber seed germination and seedling growth”
e0“The higher concentration of SNP also suppresses the activity of SOD”
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