Abstract
A plot experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between optimization of water and fertilizer and lodging resistance of rice with different densities(25 and 30 per square meter) in cold area of northeastern China.Under the same density,compared to farmers fertilization practice under regular irrigation(FFP-25,FFP-30),the yield of optimal fertilization practice under controlled irrigation(OPT-25,OPT-30) were increased by 8.5%~9.8%(P0.05).At 40 days after heading,stem diameter and wall thickness were increased by 9.4%~17.5%(P0.05) and 12.7%~21.2%(P0.05) compared to FFP,and weight of per 10 cm internode and sugar to N ratio of OPT-25,OPT-30 treatments were significantly enhanced,the great and small vascular bundle appeared approximate circles,the number and area of great and small vascular bundle and thickness of mechanical tissue were significantly increased,the snapping resistance of stems was significantly improved by 30.8%~31.9%(P0.05) and the index of lodging resistance was reduced by 15.4%~21.1%(P0.05).Under the same fertilizer and water management,with the increase of plant density,no significant differences in rice yield and the index of lodging resistance were observed.While compared to FFP-25,the yield of OPT-30 was increased by 15.5%(P0.01) and the index of lodging resistance was reduced by 16.8%(P0.05).These results proved that water and fertilizer optimization management can improve the microstructure of the second basal internodes,facilitate internode filling,and resulted in high lodging resistance of rice.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal fertilization under controlled irrigation increased rice yield by 8.5%~9.8% compared with farmers practice under regular irrigation.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- optimal fertilization practice under controlled irrigatione2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 8.5%~9.8%e2
- Comparator
- farmers fertilization practice under regular irrigatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“lodging resistance of rice with different densities(25 and 30 per square meter) in cold area of northeastern China”
e2“compared to farmers fertilization practice under regular irrigation(FFP-25,FFP-30),the yield of optimal fertilization practice under controlled irrigation(OPT-25,OPT-30) were increased by 8.5%~9.8%”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal fertilization under controlled irrigation increased stem diameter by 9.4%~17.5% at 40 days after heading compared with FFP.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- optimal fertilization practice under controlled irrigatione2
- Outcome
- stem diametere3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 9.4%~17.5%e3
- Comparator
- FFPe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“lodging resistance of rice with different densities(25 and 30 per square meter) in cold area of northeastern China”
e2“compared to farmers fertilization practice under regular irrigation(FFP-25,FFP-30),the yield of optimal fertilization practice under controlled irrigation(OPT-25,OPT-30) were increased by 8.5%~9.8%”
e3“At 40 days after heading,stem diameter and wall thickness were increased by 9.4%~17.5%(P0.05) and 12.7%~21.2%(P0.05) compared to FFP”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal fertilization under controlled irrigation increased stem wall thickness by 12.7%~21.2% at 40 days after heading compared with FFP.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- optimal fertilization practice under controlled irrigatione2
- Outcome
- wall thicknesse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 12.7%~21.2%e3
- Comparator
- FFPe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“lodging resistance of rice with different densities(25 and 30 per square meter) in cold area of northeastern China”
e2“compared to farmers fertilization practice under regular irrigation(FFP-25,FFP-30),the yield of optimal fertilization practice under controlled irrigation(OPT-25,OPT-30) were increased by 8.5%~9.8%”
e3“At 40 days after heading,stem diameter and wall thickness were increased by 9.4%~17.5%(P0.05) and 12.7%~21.2%(P0.05) compared to FFP”
Claim · model-written summary
The snapping resistance of rice stems was significantly improved by 30.8%~31.9%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- snapping resistance of stemse4
- Direction
- improvede4
- Value
- 30.8%~31.9%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“lodging resistance of rice with different densities(25 and 30 per square meter) in cold area of northeastern China”
e4“the snapping resistance of stems was significantly improved by 30.8%~31.9%(P0.05) and the index of lodging resistance was reduced by 15.4%~21.1%(P0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
The index of lodging resistance of rice was reduced by 15.4%~21.1% under the optimized treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- index of lodging resistancee4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 15.4%~21.1%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“lodging resistance of rice with different densities(25 and 30 per square meter) in cold area of northeastern China”
e4“the snapping resistance of stems was significantly improved by 30.8%~31.9%(P0.05) and the index of lodging resistance was reduced by 15.4%~21.1%(P0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
OPT-30 increased rice yield by 15.5% compared with FFP-25.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- OPT-30e5
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 15.5%e5
- Comparator
- FFP-25e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“lodging resistance of rice with different densities(25 and 30 per square meter) in cold area of northeastern China”
e5“While compared to FFP-25,the yield of OPT-30 was increased by 15.5%(P0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
OPT-30 reduced the index of lodging resistance by 16.8% compared with FFP-25.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- OPT-30e5
- Outcome
- index of lodging resistancee6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 16.8%e6
- Comparator
- FFP-25e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“lodging resistance of rice with different densities(25 and 30 per square meter) in cold area of northeastern China”
e5“While compared to FFP-25,the yield of OPT-30 was increased by 15.5%(P0.01)”
e6“the index of lodging resistance was reduced by 16.8%(P0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
With increasing plant density under the same fertilizer and water management, rice yield and the index of lodging resistance showed no significant differences.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- plant densitye7
- Outcome
- rice yield and the index of lodging resistancee7
- Direction
- no significant differencese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“lodging resistance of rice with different densities(25 and 30 per square meter) in cold area of northeastern China”
e7“Under the same fertilizer and water management,with the increase of plant density,no significant differences in rice yield and the index of lodging resistance were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
The number and area of great and small vascular bundles and the thickness of mechanical tissue increased in the optimized treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- number and area of great and small vascular bundle and thickness of mechanical tissuee2
- Direction
- increasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“lodging resistance of rice with different densities(25 and 30 per square meter) in cold area of northeastern China”
e2“the number and area of great and small vascular bundle and thickness of mechanical tissue were significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
The great and small vascular bundles of the optimized treatments appeared as approximate circles.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- great and small vascular bundlee2
- Value
- approximate circlese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“lodging resistance of rice with different densities(25 and 30 per square meter) in cold area of northeastern China”
e2“the great and small vascular bundle appeared approximate circles”
Claim · model-written summary
The weight per 10 cm internode and the sugar to N ratio were enhanced in the OPT-25 and OPT-30 treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- internodee2
- Treatment
- OPT-25,OPT-30e2
- Outcome
- weight of per 10 cm internode and sugar to N ratioe2
- Direction
- enhancede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“lodging resistance of rice with different densities(25 and 30 per square meter) in cold area of northeastern China”
e2“weight of per 10 cm internode and sugar to N ratio of OPT-25,OPT-30 treatments were significantly enhanced”
Claim · model-written summary
Water and fertilizer optimization improves the microstructure of the second basal internodes, facilitates internode filling and gives high lodging resistance in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Organ / stage
- second basal internodese2
- Treatment
- water and fertilizer optimization managemente2
- Outcome
- high lodging resistancee2
- Qualifier
- improve the microstructure of the second basal internodese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“These results proved that water and fertilizer optimization management can improve the microstructure of the second basal internodes,facilitate internode filling,and resulted in high lodging resistance of rice”
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