Abstract
Long‐term cropping system and fertilizer N studies are essential to understanding production potential and yield stability of corn ( Zea mays L.), grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in rain‐fed environments. A no‐till experiment (2007–2013) was conducted in eastern Nebraska to evaluate crop rotation (continuous corn, continuous grain sorghum, continuous soybean, corn–soybean, grain sorghum–soybean, corn–soybean–grain sorghum–oat [ Avena sativa (L.)]/clover mixture [80% Melilotus officinalis Lam. + 20% Trifolium pretense L.], and corn–oat/clover–grain sorghum–soybean) and fertilizer N (corn and grain sorghum: 0, 90, 180 kg N ha −1 ; soybean and oat/clover: 0, 36, 67 kg N ha −1 ) on grain yield, plant N uptake, and N recovery efficiency. Diversified crop rotations increased corn and grain sorghum yields and improved yield stability. A positive corn grain yield response to fertilizer N was consistent across crop rotations, but fertilizer N addition with corn–soybean–grain sorghum–oat did not increase grain sorghum yield. Yield stability of soybean was less sensitive to management; all treatment combinations were found to be stable. Fertilizer N addition decreased soybean grain yield in 2 of 7 yr, but yields were similar in the remaining 5 yr. These results indicate that adoption of 2‐ and 4‐yr crop rotations in rain‐fed environments can result in high‐yielding, more stable corn, grain sorghum, and soybean grain production compared with shorter rotations or continuous cropping. Core Ideas Diversified 2‐ and 4‐yr crop rotations increased corn and grain sorghum yields. Corn and grain sorghum grain yields in 2‐ and 4‐yr rotations were more resilient to variable growing conditions. Soybean was less sensitive than corn and grain sorghum to crop rotation.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Diversified rotations increased corn yield.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Diversified crop rotationse0
- Outcome
- corn and grain sorghum yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diversified crop rotations increased corn and grain sorghum yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Diversified rotations increased grain sorghum yield.
- Taxon
- grain sorghum
Sorghum bicolore0 - Treatment
- Diversified crop rotationse0
- Outcome
- grain sorghum yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diversified crop rotations increased corn and grain sorghum yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Diversified rotations improved yield stability.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Diversified crop rotationse0
- Outcome
- yield stabilitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diversified crop rotations increased corn and grain sorghum yields and improved yield stability”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield responded positively to fertilizer N across rotations.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- fertilizer Ne0
- Outcome
- corn grain yielde0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A positive corn grain yield response to fertilizer N was consistent across crop rotations”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer N did not increase sorghum yield in the four-crop rotation.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- fertilizer N additione0
- Outcome
- grain sorghum yielde0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Qualifier
- corn–soybean–grain sorghum–oate0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilizer N addition with corn–soybean–grain sorghum–oat did not increase grain sorghum yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield stability was less sensitive to management and all combinations were stable.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- Yield stability of soybeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield stability of soybean was less sensitive to management; all treatment combinations were found to be stable”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer N decreased soybean yield in two of seven years.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer N additione0
- Outcome
- soybean grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 2 of 7 yre0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer N addition decreased soybean grain yield in 2 of 7 yr”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yields were similar in the other five years.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer N additione1
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- remaining 5 yre0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but yields were similar in the remaining 5 yr”
t0“Soybean”
e1“Fertilizer N addition decreased soybean grain yield in 2 of 7 yr”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results differ
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 80 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
88 papers more in this group
See all 92 papers →nitrogen · yield · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results differ
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 80 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
96 papers more in this group
See all 100 papers →rotation · yield · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →rotation · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
253 papers in the same direction as this paper · 52 in the opposite direction · 16 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
318 papers more in this group
See all 322 papers →nitrogen · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
97 papers in the same direction as this paper · 318 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
412 papers more in this group
See all 416 papers →fertilization · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
170 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1,021 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
1,188 papers more in this group
See all 1,192 papers →fertilization · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3,484 papers in the same direction as this paper · 338 in the opposite direction · 85 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
3,904 papers more in this group
See all 3,908 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.